Table of Content

28 June 2009, Volume 26 Issue 03

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Article

Establishment of Artial Fibrillation Model in SD Rats

CHEN Chun-lin~1,GONG Tian-tian~1,TANG Yi-qun~1,KOU Ying-ying~2,YU Peng~2,SHAO Rong~2,ZHANG Chang-feng~2

2009, 26(03):  1-4. 

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Objective To establish an artial fibrillation animal model in rats.Methods To establish the artial fibrillation model,mixed Ach-CaCl_(2)solution was injected into the caudal veins of SD rats at different concentrations for 7 days.Electrocardiogram was recorded everyday before and after the treatment.The effective refractory period(ERP) of artial muscle was determined in the last day.Results The mixed solution of Ach-CaCl_2 could induce a stable artial fibrillation at the concentration of CaCl_2 10 mg/mL and Ach 66 μg/mL in rats.Duration time of artial fibrillation was enhanced at the first three days and became stable during the last four days.The ERP of artial muscle was 59.3±5.8 ms in model group which was shorter than that in the normal group(77.3±5.3 ms).Conclusion A stable artial fibrillation model in rats can be established by caudal vein injection of Ach-CaCl_2 solution. This model is mimics the mechanism of artial fibrillation in human.It is simple and convenience to be used in screening the drugs for anti-artial fibrillation in small animals.

Effect of Chloral Hydrate on Cerebral Blood Flow in Rats

WU Bang-qi~

2009, 26(03):  5-6. 

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Objective To study the effect of the commonly used anesthetic,chloral hydrate,on the cerebral blood flow in Wistar rats,and to discuss the relevant factors that affect cerebral blood flow in experimental animals.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups,the normal group,the sham group,and the model group.After anesthesia in three different time periods(10,30,and 50 minutes),the cerebral blood flow was tested.Results The cerebral blood flow of experimental groups after anesthesia in 10,30,and 50 minutes was increased conspicuously,and there was highly significant difference between the two experimental groups at the same time(P<0.01).Conclusion The cerebral blood flow was significantly affected by anesthesia in different periods.After anesthesia,it is essential to monitor the cerebral blood flow in experimental animals simultaneously.

Effect of Bushen Zhuanggu Granules on Bone Histomorphometry in Retinoic Acid-induced Osteoporosis Rats

ZHOU Li,DENG Wei-min,HAN Li-ping

2009, 26(03):  7-10. 

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Objective To study the effect of Bushen Zhuanggu granules on bone histomorphometry in osteoporosis rats induced by retinoic acid,and discuss the mechanism of Bushen Zhuanggu granules in preventing and treating osteoporosis.Method Three-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their weight: normal control group,osteoporosis model group,low and high dose Bushen Zhuanggu granulesgroups,and Xianling Gubao-positive control group.All the rats received retinoic acid intragastrically every morning for 2 weeks,and were administered intragastrically with subject drugs for 3 weeks.Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate,and sacrificed by abdominal aortic bleeding.Both tibia were taken,and treated according to the following procedure after removing the soft tissues: fixed in 10% formalin,decalcified in 10% EDTA solution,dehydrated in alcohol,embedded in paraffin,sliced,and HE stained.Percentage of trabecular bone area,trabecular thickness,trabecular bone volume and trabecular bone separation were measured and calculated at 10xl0 magnification using a high-resolution color graphic pathological analysis system,and the pathomorphological changes of upper tibia were observed.Reasult Compared with the normal control group,the model control group displayed a reduction in the percentage of bone area and thickness,and an increase in bone volume and trabecular separation in the proximal tibia cancellous bone trabecular.The highly significant difference(P<0.01) between the model control and normal control group indicated that the model was established successfully.Compared with the model control group,the Bushen Zhuanggu granules group displayed a significant increase in the percentage of bone area and thickness and a significant reduction in bone volume and trabecular separation in the proximal tibia cancellous bone trabecular(P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Zhuanggu granules can decrease bone loss induced by retinoic acid,and improve the morphology of trabeculae,so osteoporosis can be prevented and treated.

Alcohol-induced Liver Injury Combined with High Fat Diet in Rats

XIE Chao-min,TAN Qiao-yan,RAO Zi-liang,XIA Guan-ling,ZHONG Zhi-yong,WANG Gang

2009, 26(03):  11-13. 

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Objective To establish an ideal method to develop alcohol-induced liver injury in rats.Method Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups,control group(give NS) and model group(drinking red Star falls and feeding high fat diet),and 15 per group.All the rats were kept on the treatments for 4 weeks.Blood was collected from the orbital venous plexus at the end of experiment,and serum levels of ALT,AST,TC,TG,HDL-C,SOD,MDA,and hepatic glycogen content,as well as liver coefficient were detected. Results The liver coefficient and serum levels of TC,TG and HDL-C,hepatic glycogen,MDA,and SOD in model group increased significantly than those in control(P<0.05);Serum levels of ALT and AST in model group also increased significantly than those in control(P<0.01).Conclusion It is a successful method to develop the alcohol-induced liver injury in rats combining alcohol-drinking with high-fat diet feeding.

The Difference between the Rat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Models Induced by High-fat Diet and High-sucrose Diet

SU Lin,LIU Yu-lan

2009, 26(03):  14-17. 

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Objective To study the difference between the rat nonalcoholic fatty liver models induced by high-fat diet and high-sucrose diet.Methods 90 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups of 30 rats each and were fed with nomal diet,high-fat diet and high-sucrose diet respectively.10 rats in each group were sacrificed at 4~(th),8~(th) and 12~(th) week.The level of ALT,AST,CHO,TG and HOMA-IR were investigated and the pathology of livers were observed by HE stain.Result The liver in both high-fat diet and high-sucrose diet group presented the pathology of steatosis and got more severe along with the time,especially the high-fat diet group.The rats' livers in high-fat group presented the pathology of steatohepatitis with higher serum levels of ALT and AST in the 12~(th) week.The CHO level in high-fat diet group and the TG level in high-sucrose group were significantly higher than control group.The HOMA-IR in high-fat group was significantly higher than high-sucrose group at 4~(th) and 8~(th) week,peraleled with the liver pathology.But at the 12~(th) week the HOMA-IR in high-fat group was lower than high-sucrose group significantly suggesting that other facters may also involve in the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis.Conclusions High-fat and high-sucrose diet can induce nonalcoholic fatty liver rat model successfully and have different characteristics each.

Influence of Hemolysis on Fourteen Biochemical Items in SD Rat Blood

WANG Zhen-yu,SONG Jing-feng,LU Ying

2009, 26(03):  18-20. 

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Objective To investigate the influence of hemolysis on 14 biochemical items in SD rat blood.Methods Blood samples were collected from 20 SD rats,and using the TMS-1024 auto-biochemical analyzer,fourteen serum biochemical items were detected from each sample based on the different Hb contents,0,1,2,3,5,and 10 g/L.Results Hemolysis resulted in increasing of ALT,AST,TP,LDH,CK,TBi,and UREA levels(P<0.05/0.01) and decreasing of CR,TG,and A/G levels(P<0.05/0.01) in sera.But the levels of GLU,CHO,ALP,and ALB were not significantly affected by hemolysis(P>0.05).Conclusion A lot of biochemical items were significantly affected by hemolysis,and the levels of LDH,TG and AST are the more severely affected than others.

Effect of Brassinolide on Levels of Blood Glucose in Alloxan—induced Diabetes Rats

CHEN Shi-ping,HE Jia,WANG Qi-jing,WANG Jian-dong,YE Yan-li,XIAN Li-jian

2009, 26(03):  21-23. 

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Objective To observe the effect of brassinolide abstracted from pollen on the levels of blood glucose in diabetes rats.Methods One hundred and forty-four diabetes rats induced by Alloxan were randomly divided into Brassinolide group(treated with Brassinolide at 200,100,and 50 mg/kg respectively),control group(sodium chloride),and Phenformin group.After oral administration of Brassinolide for consecutive 7 days(once every day),the levels of blood glucose were evaluated on the day 0 and the day 7.This experiment was repeated twice.Results Before administration of Brassinolide,the levels of blood glucose were between 19.71 mmol/L and 24.10 mmol/L,then the levels decreased to the extent between 9.89 mmol/L and 12.70 mmol/L after administration of Brassinolide.The levels of blood glucose in the Phenformin group reduced from 20.92 mmol/L to 8.25 mmol/L after treatment.Both of Brassinolide and Phenformin had the similar effect to lower the blood glucose levels.Conclusion Brassinolide has the similar function of reducing the blood glucose levels as Phenformin,but not in a dose-dependent manner.The levels of blood glucose displayed significant differences after treatment with different dose of Brassinolide.The results indicated that Brassinolide,even at a lower dose,can still reduce the blood glucose levels without toxicity effect.It could provide a new idea for clinical treatment on diabetes.

Anti-Oxidative Effect of Gynostemma and Hawthorn Extracts on the Aging Mouse Model Induced by D-galactose

YAN Yan,GUO Jie,YANG Fei,XUE Wei

2009, 26(03):  24-26. 

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Objective To study the mechanism of anti-oxidative activity and the anti-oxidative effect of gynostemma and hawthorn extracts on aging mouse model.Methods The aging mice were induced by ip injection of D-galactose for 8 weeks and were given the different doses of gynostemma and hawthorn extracts.Eight weeks later,malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-P_X) in sera and livers were detected.Results Gynostemma and hawthorn extracts not only significantly reduced the contents of MDA but also increased the activity of GSH-P_X in sera and livers of the aging mice.Conclusion Gynostemma and hawthorn extracts have good anti-oxidative effect.

Study of Chronic Psychological Stress on Ovarian Function

SUN Yu-fang~1,YU Li-qun~

2009, 26(03):  27-29. 

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Objective To study the effect of chronic psychological stress on ovarian function.Methods Female BALB/c mice were burdened with psychological stress by constraint.Levels of serum estradiol(E2), progesterone(P) and corticosterone(CORT) were measured after stress,and ovary-morph,the amount of primordial follicle,primary follicle,secondary follicle,etc.,pregnancy rate and subalgebra were observed.Results In the stressed mice,a significant increase of serum CORT and decrease of E2、P were found compared to those of the control group;A significant change of ovary-morph was observed;The number of vesicular graafianae grew downwards in the stressed mice(P<0.05);The number of subalgebra decreased significantly,but the pregnancy rate was not changed significantly in the stressed mice.Conclusion Chronic psychological stress can cause the disruption or degeneration of ovarian function.

Comparison of Genomic DNA Isolation Methods in Different Tissues of Mongolian gerbil

DU Xiao_yan,LI Xiao_juan,LU Jing,WANG Ying,CHEN Zhen_wen

2009, 26(03):  30-32. 

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Objective To extract genomic DNA from different tissues of Mongolian gerbil and to compare the abundance of genes.Methods Using the phenol-chloroform method,genomic DNA was extracted from gerbil kidney,liver and muscle digested at different temperature and concentration of Proteinase K. The values of OD_(260)/OD_(280),DNA and protein were detected.Results The digesting temperature and concentration of Proteinase K had different effects on extraction of genomic DNA from kidney,liver and muscle.Digesting at 37℃and 50℃ made no difference on concentration of DNA extracted from kidney and liver,but proteins in low enzyme group were significantly lower than those in high enzyme group.The concentrations of DNA and protein of liver samples in low enzyme group were significantly lower than those in high enzyme group.Temperature had significant effect on DNA and protein concentrations of muscle samples.The abundance of genes in liver was higher than that in kidney and muscle.Conclusion Both digesting temperature and Proteinase K concentration have effects on concentrations of genomic DNA and protein extracted from different tissue samples.The abundance of genes is variant in different tissues.

The Effect of Sweetsop Peel Extracts on Chicken Cellular Immunity and Humoral Immunity

ZHANG Wen-sheng~

2009, 26(03):  33-35. 

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Objective To test the effect of sweetsop peel extracts on chicken cellular immunity and humoral immunity.Methods The experimental and control immunized with chicken infectious laryngotracheitis SA_2 vaccine and egg-drop syndrome inactivated oil-adjuvant vaccine chickens were injected with sweetsop peel extracts and saline respectively.After vaccination,leukocytes were isolated and sera were separated from the vain blood collections.The lymphocyte transformation test and hemagglutination-inhibition test were taken.Results The lymphocyte transformation rate of experimental group was much higher than that of control.There was significant differences in statistics between the experimental and control groups(P<0.01).The increase of titer in hemagglutination-inhibition was low,even in negative values,and there was no significant differences between the experimental and control groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The extracts of sweetsop peel possessed the active effect on chicken cellular immunity and no effect on homoral immunity.

The Function and Role of Laboratory Animal Veterinarian in Drug Safety Evaluation

LI Bao-wen,LIANG Chun-nan

2009, 26(03):  49-52. 

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With much attention paid to the laboratory animal welfare by the public and business,the role and importance of laboratory animal veterinarian become more prominent than ever.What kind of function and role should be assigned to the veterinarians?In this review,the authors answered the question in two aspects: function in organization and role in study.Veterinarian function and role include: ensuring all the used animals to meet the quality standards and requirements of experiments;training of the staffs;advising for occupational health;working as IACUC member;and ensuring high standards of veterinary care and welfare to support the safety evaluation team to collect reliable data.

Publication Status of Papers Related to Laboratory Animals

MENG Jin-ping~1,HU Shu-hui~2,LIU Yun-bo~1

2009, 26(03):  53-57. 

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To investigate the publication status of papers related to laboratory animals in China,the authors searched the papers published in China using the (laboratory animal,animal experiment,animal model,mice,rat,nude mice,guinea pig,hamster,gerbil,rabbit,experiment dog,experiment monkey and experiment pig) at the website http://www.ilib.cn/Class.aspx?Query,and searched the papers written by Chinese indexed by PubMed in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez.The results are as follows: 1.There are much more papers related to animal experiments than those to laboratory animals;quantity of papers related to guinea pigs,rats and experiment pigs is large;and the number of papers referred to medicine and health,life sciences and agriculture sciences is at the top three.2.In PubMed,most searched papers are related to monkeys,then to mice and rats;the percentage of papers written by Chinese authors is about 1%～2%,but the percentage of papers related to nude mice and duck are 5.8% and 4.73% respectively.

An Effective Heterotopic Heart Transplant Model in Rats

ZHOU Yun,GUO Kun-liang,YANG Shao-jun,YANG Da-kuan

2009, 26(03):  58-59. 

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Objective To establish a quick and effective heterotopic heart transplant model in rats.Method Male SD rats served as donors and Wistar as recipients.The ascending aorta of allograft was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta.The recipient underwent a left nephrectomy,and the right pulmonary artery of allograft was inserted into the left renal vein of donors.Results The mean chemic time was((37.8)±1.8) min in 35 experiments.The successful rate was 91.4%.Complications were anastomotic orificces hemorrhange,and thrombosis.Conclusion This method has advantage of simpleness,and requires no operating microscope.So it is easily to be spread.

Anesthetic Effect of Ketamine in Combination with Sumianxin Ⅱ on Cynomolgus Monkey

MA Lan-zhi~1,ZHAO Yuan~1,SHANG Yu-pu~1,LI Gang~2,HUANG Bin~1,HOU Zhi-yuan~1

2009, 26(03):  60-62. 

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Objective To observe the anesthetic effect of ketamine in combination with sumianxin II on cynomolgus monkey.Methods One hundred and fifty-four cynomolgus monkeys were anesthetized using sumianxin Ⅱ(0.1 mL/kg,im) and ketamine(0.1 mL/kg,im) for renal transplantation,and maintenance of anesthetic and analgesic effects,breathing frequency(BR),heart rate(HR),and resuscitation time after operation,were monitored.Results All the monkeys survived,and none of them died of anesthesia;the maintained anesthetic time was 50～70 mins after first administration.During operation,the BR and HR were(40～55)/mins and(60～74)/mins respectively.All the cynomolgus monkeys waked up in(25～35) mins after operation.Conclusions It is a good anesthesia method to use ketamine in combination with sumianxin Ⅱ,and the does is reduced considerably.The cynomolgus monkeys waked up soon after operation.The muscle is well relaxed,and BR and HR are kept stable during anesthesia.It is an excellent and safe method to anesthetize cynomolgus monkey that using ketmine in combination with sumianxin Ⅱ.