Objective Two nucleic acid standard samples and primers of BALB / c and C57BL / 6 were prepared for genetic quality evaluation of mice, and their integrity and stability were verified. Method Agarose gel electrophoresis and Ultraviolet spectrophotometry were used to determine the purity and concentration of mixed nucleic acid standard samples. And according to the sampling principle, the stability of storage and transportation were verified. The storage stability was verified by sampling at 4 ℃ , room temperature ( RT) and 37 ℃ as the ordinate of observation, and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 d as the abscissa of observation. An incubator, an ice bag and a thermometer were used to simulate the transportation conditions, and the transportation stability was verified for 1, 3 and 7 days respectively. Result The A values of A260 / A280 of BALB / c and C57BL / 6 standard nucleic acid samples were between 1. 7 and 1. 9, and the average concentrations were 37. 53 and 35. 03 ng / μL, respectively. The stability test showed that the two standard nucleic acid samples and primers could be stably stored at 4 ℃ and room temperature (RT) for 14 days, and could also be stably stored in the transportation environment for 7 days. Conclusion BALB / c and C57BL / 6 nucleic acid samples have good integrity and stability, which can be used to evaluate the genetic quality of mice.

Objective Mammalian spermatogenesis is a process with continuous cell proliferation and differentiation composed of a series of spermatogenic cells, and ultimately to produce sperm. However, the proteostasis analysis of spermatogenic cells still lacks effective method. The aim of this study was to explore a method to label and detect nascent protein synthesis in spermatogenic cells in vivo. Method Puromycin ( Puro) , an aminoacyl-tRNA structural analog, was intraperitoneally injected into mice at a dose of 65 mg / kg body weight. 1. 5 hours later, the mice were killed and bilateral testes were isolated. Of these, one of the testes was used for total proteins extraction and the other was used for paraffin sections preparation. Then, the content and localization of Puro in testis were respectively detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence using Puro specific antibody. Result Western blot result showed that Puro could label the overall nascent proteins. Co-immunofluorescence analyses showed that Puro specifically labeled spermatogonia in mouse testis. Conclusion Nascent proteins in mouse spermatogonia can be in vivo labelled by Puro, and their levels can be quantitated through corresponding immunological techniques.

Objective To compare and analyze the biological characteristics of BALB / cSpf mice and wild-type BALB / c ( N-BALB / c, N: normal ) mice, and to provide basic data for its experimental application. Method From 3 to 12 weeks, the growth curves, feed intake and water intake of male and female BALB / cSpf mice and N-BALB / c mice were statistically analyzed weekly. Thirty female BALB / cSpf mice and thirty female N-BALB / c mice were collected, two females and one male cohabitated and bred for a long time. The litter size and litter sex were recorded. Blood was collected and 17 blood biochemical indexes and 22 blood physiological indexes were measured. Result there was no significant difference in feed intake and drinking water between BALB / cSpf mice and N-BALB / c mice. The body weight of BALB / cSpf mice was significantly higher than that of N-BALB / c mice ( from the 5th week in females and from the 3rd week in males) . There was no significant difference in litter size and sex in the first three births. The physiological indexes of WBC, Neu, Lym, RBC, HGB, HCT, MPV and PDW in female BALB / cSpf mice were significantly higher than those in N-BALB / c mice. The WBC of male BALB / cSpf mice was significantly higher than that of N-BALB / c mice, while the levels of Neu, Lym, Mon, HCT and MCHC were significantly lower than those of N-BALB / c mice. The UREA of female BALB / cSpf mice was significantly higher than that of N-BALB / c mice, while the levels of AST, CK and LDH were significantly lower than those of N-BALB / c mice. The biochemical indexes TG, TC, LIP, UREA and Mg Ⅱ of BALB / cSpf mice were significantly higher than those of N-BALB / c mice, while ALT, AST, Glu-G and Ca were significantly lower than those of N-BALB / c mice. Conclusion there are some differences in biological characteristics between BALB / cSpf mice and N-BALB / c mice.

Objective To establish a transgenic Fah- / -liver injury mouse model and explore the mechanism of liver injury. Method SPF C57BL / 6J wild-type mice were selected as WT group. According to the result of gene identification, 24 Fah- / -homozygous mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected and divided into the NTBC drinking water group, the NTBC drinking water stop group for one week, and the NTBC drinking water stop group for two weeks. The weight was weighed, blood was collected, serum was isolated, liver function biochemical indexes were tested, and the animals were sacrificed. The expression of Fah protease and Fah protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Result After gene identification, 24 Fah - / - homozygous mice were successfully bred. The result of subsequent study on the mechanism of liver injury showed that ALT, AST and TBIL of liver function in the one-week and two-week NTBC cessation groups were significantly increased compared with those in the normal NTBC group, while ALB was significantly decreased, with statistical significance. Pathological HE staining result of liver tissue showed that the structure of liver tissue in WT group and normal NTBC group was normal, while different degrees of lesions such as hepatocyte hypertrophy, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in NTBC group. The longer the time of NTBC cessation, the more serious the degree of liver injury. The result of liver immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Fah protease in WT group was strongly positive, the expression of Fah protease in normal NTBC group was negative, and the expression of Fah protease in hepatocytes of the one-week and two-week NTBC stop groups was weakly positive. The expression of Fah protein by Western blot was consistent with that by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion The Fah- / - mouse model was successfully established and the mechanism of liver injury was studied, so as to provide expe rimental data reference forsubsequent studies.

Objective The type 2 diabetic zebrafish model were constructed and evaluated in order to systematically study the occurrence and development mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) . Method In this study, the two groups of wild-type blue zebrafish were kept in the same environment with the same light, food, water and other conditions. The zebrafish in the experimental group were immersed in 2% glucose solution every other day for 28 days to establish the zebrafish model of type 2 diabetes. The establishment of the model was evaluated by observing the morphological changes, drawing the weight curve, and biochemical detection of glucose and lipid metabolism. Result After 28 days, the weight gain curve of zebrafish in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group. During the induction, the zebrafish in the experimental group showed behavioral changes, they swam faster, were more sensitive to environmental stimuli, and shed white metabolites, while control zebrafish kept normal swimming speed and shed brown metabolites. The eyes of the experimental group showed a red and swollen appearance. Meanwhile,the tissue glucose level,the tissue triglyceride level and the tissue total cholesterol level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05) . Conclusion The zebrafish model of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be successfully established after 28 days of glucose immersion every other day. The pathogenic status of zebrafish can be evaluated by behavioral observation, weight gain curve drawing, and glucose and lipid biochemical detection.

Objective Biochemical marker genes were determined in PVG rats. Method According to the national standard GB / T 14927. 1—2008 “Biochemical Marker Detection Method for Inbred Mice and Rats in Laboratory Animals” , 4 PVG rats were randomly selected to collect tissues and organs ( lung, kidney, small intestine, testis) for sample preparation. Eleven biochemical sites ( Hbb, Cs1, Alp1, Akp1, Esl, Es3, Es4, Es6, Es8, Es9 and Esl0) were detected by acetate fiber film electrophoresis. Result The genotypes of 11 PVG rat loci were Hbb type b, Cs1 type b, Alp1 type b, Akp1 type a, Esl type a, Es3 type d, Es4 type b, Es6 type b, Es8 type b, Es9 type a and Esl0 type a, all of which were homozygous. Conclusion The result of genetic and biochemical markers in PVG rats were consistent with the characteristics of inbred lines.

Objective To investigate the effects of single housing and pair housing on hematological and biochemical parameters, behavior, and immune stress indices of cynomolgus monkeys. Method 3 years old cynomolgus monkeys, 4 males and 4 females, were separated and pair housing by sex. Blood samples were collected at acclimation period, D14 and D21 of single housing and pair housing for hematological, biochemical and immune stress analysis. Behavioral observation was performed during D14 to D21 of single housing and pair housing. Result There was no significant difference in hematological and immune stress indexes of cynomolgus monkeys between single housing and pair housing. In terms of serum biochemistry, compared with the base value, TBIL decreased significantly after pair housing, LDH decreased significantly during single housing. The normal and positive behaviors increased by 27. 93% and 86. 10% respectively, and abnormal behaviors decreased by 26. 31% in cynomolgus monkeys after pair housing. Conclusion The result showed that single housing or pair housing for cynomolgus monkeys had no significant effect on hematological and immune stress indexes. LDH decreased in single housing and TBIL decreased in pair housing, but they were all within the normal background values. The abnormal behaviors of captive cynomolgus monkeys and animal welfare were effectively improved by paired housing.

Objective To explore the induction of estrus synchronization in SD rats and BALB / c mice females by progesterone injection. Method Progesterone hormone was injected into 8 weeks SD rats and BALB / c mice females on the first and second day of the experiment at doses of 10 mg / rat and 2 mg / mouse respectively, and cohabited on the fourth day. The observations of copulatory plugs were performed on the fifth, sixth and seventh day of the experiment. Embryo transfer was performed in copulatory plug checked pseudopregnant SD rats, and pseudopregnant rats obtained by mating with vasoligated males were used as controls. Blastocysts were flushed from embolized BALB / c mice females for embryonic stem (ES ) cell injection. Result The highest copulatory plug rate of SD rats females injected with progesterone reached 44% on a single day and more than 80% overall. The highest copulatory plug rate of BALB / c mice females injected with progesterone reached 46% on a single day and more than 70% overall. The copulatory plug rate of progesterone injected group was 7 - 8 times higher than traditional method group on a single day, and more than 15 times higher than traditional method group overall. Compared with the traditional method, in progesterone injected group, the colony population of SD rats females and BALB / c mice females could be reduced to 10% - 20%; the embryo birth rate of SD rats pseudopregnant could increase by about 13%. Conclusion Progesterone injection 10 mg / rat and 2 mg / mouse can be used for estrus synchronization in 8 weeks SD rats and BALB / c mice females respectively, and can significantly increase the copulatory plug rate and SD rats embryo birth rate.

Objective To study the variation characteristics of gut microbiota of laboratory cats of different breeds and sexes by high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rDNA. Method A total of 21 laboratory cats were grouped according to the breed and sex of the laboratory cats, grouped by breed ( ordinary group = 12, breed group = 9) , grouped by sex (male group = 9, female group = 12) . Fecal samples of cats were taken, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and differential analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA. Result The dominant bacteria at the phylum in the experiment were Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria ( the sum of the relative abundances was more than 96%) . The relatively abundant flora at the genus are Streptococcus、 Enterococcus、Olsenella、 Prevotella _ 9、 Bifidobacterium and Collinsella. Sex can have an effect on the composition of the gut microbiota of laboratory cats, and there are statistically different abundances between male and female cats. Compared with female cats, Prevotella _ 9, Faecalibacterium and Terrisporobacter increased in the intestines of male cats ( t test, P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion The basic characteristics of composition and abundance of the gut microbiota of laboratory cats are analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, and the effects of sex and breed on the species composition of the gut microbiota of laboratory cats are described.

Objective To compare the detection effects of culture method, Gram stain microscopy and 16S rRNA PCR on bacterial detection in fecal samples of germ-free mice,provide a basis for the selection of germile murine bacteria detection method. Method The culture method, Gram stain microscopy and 16S rRNA PCR method were used to detect the feces of GF mice, the feces of SPF mice and the test samples with known bacterial content ( the feces of germ-free mice were mixed with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, artificially made) , and the detection limits of the three method on bacteria in the feces of germ-free mice were verified. Three method were used to detect clinical samples at the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of the three detection method were compared, and the feasibility of the three method in actual detection was analyzed. Result The sensitivity of culture method, Gram stain microscopy and 16S rRNA PCR method was 10²CFU / g, 10⁸CFU / g and 10⁶CFU / g, respectively, and the positive rate of clinical samples was 1. 36% ( 6 / 441 ) . Conclusion Culture method, Gram staining microscopy and 16S rRNA PCR method have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they need to be used in combination to learn from each other ’ s strengths to ensure the reliability of the detection result.

Objective To explore the predictive effect of courage test of puppy test on the training success rate of seven-month-old puppies. Method Through the improvement of puppy test, a total of 32 7-month-old puppies from 4 litters bred in Dalian training base of Chinese guide dogs were tested by noise test and umbrella holding test. The scoring standard was refined, and the puppies were divided into 1- 5 points according to their performance. The relationship between the result of noise test and umbrella holding test and the success rate of guide dog training was evaluated respectively. Result In the noise test, there was no significant difference in courage scores between guide dogs and eliminated dogs. ( P>0. 05) . In the umbrella test, there was no significant difference in courage scores between guide dogs and eliminated dogs ( P > 0. 05 ) . There was no significant difference in the scores of different sex puppies in the courage test ( P > 0. 05 ) . However, there is a significant correlation between gender and training success rate ( P < 0. 05) . Conclusion The courage test of seven-month- old puppies can’ t effectively predict the training success rate of guide dogs. It is related to the training success rate of sex guide dogs.

Objective To compare the effects of three different drinking water treatments on the growth and development of SPF mice. Method 54 SPF mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were fed with autoclaved water, autoclaved acidified water and sterile water bag water for 90 days. Other feeding conditions were the same. During the feeding process, the routine water quality indexes, microorganisms, body weight, drinking water volume, organ weight and organ pathomorphology in drinking water were measured, and the data were analyzed by SPASS 13. 0. Result The routine indexes of drinking water quality were qualified. The sterility test of sterile water bag water and autoclaved acidified water was negative within 14 days, and the test was positive from the first day of autoclaved water; within 14 days, the daily water intake of autoclaved acidified water group was significantly lower than that of autoclaved water group ( P < 0. 01) ; compared with the autoclaved water group, the heart coefficient of the water bag group was significantly higher, the lung index was significantly lower ( P < 0. 05) , and the liver coefficient of the acidified water group was significantly higher ( P < 0. 05) ; the result of histopathological morphology showed that the organs of mice were normal without pathological changes. Conclusion Autoclaved acidified water and sterile water bag water are better than autoclaved water in bacteriostatic aspects, and sterile water bag water and autoclaved water are better than autoclaved acidified water in drinking water volume. The effects of drinking water with three different treatment method on organs and body weight were not statistically significant.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic characteristics, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ILAREC-01 isolated from experimental rabbits with diarrhea. Method High-throughput sequencing was performed to determine the whole genome sequence of ILAREC-01. Eight databases including VFDB, ARDB, CAZy, SwisS-Prot, COG, CARD, KEGG and T3SS were used to annotate the function of the predict genes. In addition, the phylogenetic features of ILAREC-01 strain was also described. Result The genome of ILAREC-01 contains 5 249 genes. The analysis of the genome through CARD database showed that ILAREc-01 strain contains 59 resistance genes of 7 types of resistance mechanisms. Through VFDB database analysis, 553 virulence genes were annotated in ILAREc-01. The Locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island ( LEE) was also identified in the genome of ILAREc-01. Phylogenetic trees analysis suggested that ILAREc-01 strain was highly homologous with FORC028、E2865 and 110512 strains. Conclusion In this study, the whole genome of rabbit enteropathogenic E. coli ILAREc-01 was sequenced, and the virulence genes,antibiotic resistance genes and evolution characteristics were also analyzed, which provided a reference for studying pathogenicity of enteropathogenic E. coli, and also provided data support for scientific prevention and control of colibacillosis in rabbits.

Objective The aim of this study is to verify the imaging effect of mouse specific radio frequency ( RF) coils on a 1. 5 T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) equipment and evaluate the scientific research application value of mouse specific RF coils. Method Scan 20 g KM mice, 200 g SD rat and model mice of scientific research diseases on the 1. 5 T superconducting MRI system with mouse specific RF coil to obtain MRI images of the head, spine and abdomen of mice. Result Through analysis and evaluation of the images, it is found that high-resolution and high contrast MRI images can be obtained by scanning on the 1. 5 T superconducting MRI system with mouse specific RF coil. Conclusion The use of mouse specific RF coil with 1. 5 T superconducting MRI system can serve scientific and preclinical research well.

Laboratory animals are one of the important basic research conditions that support technological innovation in fields such as life sciences and biomedicine. With the transformation of scientific research paradigms, accurately grasping the forefront of science and major national needs, further refining the difficulties and doubts in the creation and development of laboratory animal resources, is of great significance for accelerating the development of new varieties/ strains of laboratory animals and animal model creation and development. The paper reviews the construction and application of laboratory animal resources in China, and deeply explores the main problems in responding to the transformation of scientific research paradigms under the new situation. It also looks forward to new trends in the development of experimental animal resources in China, in order to provide a new perspective for the research and development of new experimental animal resources.

Scientific and technological innovation and scientific popularization are the two wings to realize innovative development. Laboratory animal science is the support condition of the national scientific and technological innovation system, as well as the support condition for the transformation of national scientific and technological achievements and the development of biomedicine and other industries. As the vanguard of scientific and technological innovation of experimental animals, laboratory animal scientific research institutions have professional advantages in the application scientific and technological innovation to expand popular science method and enrich popular science forms. Taking science education as an important part of laboratory animal scientific research institutions to strengthen science and technology publicity and the construction of science popularization information service system is conducive to promoting the innovation and development of science and technology, and realizing the “ two wings” of science popularization and technological innovation. This paper analyzes the current situation of scientific popularization of laboratory animals in China, and summarizes the practical experience of Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute as a scientific research institution for laboratory animals in science popularization activities, in order to provide a reference for the popular science education of laboratory animals.

With the deepening of the research on motion sickness, the types of animal models of motion sickness are increasing, and the method of combining objective indicator of behavior and physiological indexes are gradually adopted as the criteria and indicators. This paper analyzes and summarizes the method and characteristics of animal models of motion sickness commonly used in recent years from the animal types, modeling method, model standards and indicators, and collects the evaluation method of animal models of motion sickness. To provide a reliable experimental animal modeling method and observation index for the exploration of pathogenesis of motion sickness, the objective evaluation of disease severity, the development of anti-motion sickness drugs and the development of vestibular stability training program.

Beagles are one of the most commonly used laboratory animals in scientific activities. Due to the stable biological properties, they are being used in many fields of medical disciplines. Beagles are recognized as the most ideal and standard laboratory dogs by experts in medicine and biology because of the consistency in their organ functions, and the well developed circulation system. Meanwhile, they are preferred in safety evaluation and widely used in drug and vaccine industry, as well as in zoonosis studies. This article discusses the application of SPF beagles in life science and provides new ideas for promoting the establishment of SPF beagle models and their research in basic medicine and other fields.

Single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) is the third generation of molecular genetic markers. Due to its universality, genetic stability, dimorphism and easy automatic typing, SNP has become an important genetic marker in the field of experimental animal genetic detection. Therefore, this paper briefly summarizes the characteristics and types of SNP, and focuses on several SNP typing techniques and the application of SNP in genetic detection in rats.