Objective　To study the characteristics of microsatellites in the transcriptome of Sigmodon hispidus, develop microsatellite molecular markers,and promote the open sharing of these animal resources.Methods　RNA-seq sequencing technology was used to perform transcriptome sequenceing and bioinformatics analysis on five tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney) of Sigmodon hispidus. MISA software was used to search microsatellite loci. In addition, PCR validation was performed on 30 randomly selected predicted microsatellite sequences. Results　Based on transcriptome sequencing, 216 139 unigenes were obtained for Sigmodon hispidus. A total of 114 469 microsatellite loci were searched, which were distributed in sequences of 69 631 unigenes. Among all microsatellite loci,there were 6 types of repeats,mainly single nucleotide (53.32%) and dinucleotide (34.52%). The frequency of A/T and AC/GT repeat motifs was relatively high, accounting for 49.47% and 24.26% of the total number of microsatellites, respectively. The sequence length distribution of microsatellites ranged from 10 to 617 bp, with 83 761 microsatellites ranging from 10 to 20 bp, accounting for 73.17% of the total number of microsatellites. 30 microsatellite sequences were randomly selected for PCR validation, and 25 of them were successfully verified.Conclusion　This study obtained rich microsatellite information from Sigmodon hispidus through transcriptome sequencing analysis, laying the foundation for further research on microsatellite molecular markers, genetic quality evaluation, and development and utilization of germplasm resources in Sigmodon hispidus.

Objective　By infecting Microtus fortis and BALB/c mice with Schistosoma japonicum, we compared the histopathological differences at different time points post-infection between the two species, aiming to provide direct research evidence for establishing standard pathological evaluation criteria for the resistance of Microtus fortis to schistosomiasis.Methods　Fifty 8-week-old Microtus fortis and fifty BALB/c mice were selected and infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae (500 per mouse) via abdominal skin penetration. Necropsy was performed at 0 d (negative control group), 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after infection, with 5 replicates at each time point. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in the skin, lungs, liver, spleen, and portal lymph node. Results Compared with BALB/c mice, Microtus fortis exhibited earlier onset of overall pathological lesions in various tissues and organs after Schistosoma infection, with more obvious inflammatory responses, and such lesions mostly showed a tendency of attenuation in the late stage of infection. Meanwhile, no obvious egg structures of the worm were detected in any tissues and organs of Microtus fortis, and only child worm bodies were visible in the alveolar cavities at 3 d post-infection and in the local hepatic parenchyma of the liver at 10 d post-infection.Conclusion　Compared with BALB/c mice, Microtus fortis has natural resistance to Schistosoma japonicum. Schistosoma development in the Microtus fortis is hindered during the juvenile stage and cannot develop into adults. This study further improved the pathological changes of various tissues and organs in the anti schistosomiasis model of the Microtus fortis, which is beneficial for promoting the research and application of this characteristic experimental animal in the field of anti schistosomiasis.

Objective　To analyze the genetic quality of an experimental sheep population by using microsatellite markers.Methods　 Thirty-six microsatellite loci were selected for PCR amplification and genotyping in 40 experimental sheep DNA samples. Sequencing data were analyzed using Popgen 1.32 software. Results　A total of 257 alleles were detected in the experimental sheep population, with a Shannon index of 1. 447 2, a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0. 636 2, and an average heterozygosity of 0. 671 4. These results indicate that the genetic quality of the experimental sheep population conforms to the standard requirements for an outbred population. Conclusion　The 36 microsatellite loci used in this study exhibit high polymorphism and can effectively evaluate population genetic diversity. The population shows high average heterozygosity, rich genetic variation, and no obvious inbreeding depression, indicating a reasonable genetic structure and favorable genetic stability.

Objective　To establish a dual TaqMan qPCR method for detecting avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC).Methods　Specific primers were designed targeting the conserved genes ISS (serum resistance gene) and ompT (protective protein gene) of APEC. Using Blunt-ISS and Blunt-ompT plasmid standards as templates, a dual qPCR detection method was established.Results　The standard curve for the qPCR method targeting ISS was Y=-3.367X+38.518, with R2=0.99, showing a strong linear relationship between the Ct value and copy numbers ranging from 102 to 109. The standard curve for the qPCR method targeting ompT was Y=-3.314X+36.817, with R2=0.997, also demonstrating a strong linear relationship between the Ct value and copy numbers ranging from 102 to 109. Specificity tests confirmed no cross-reactivity with other duck pathogens. Sensitivity experiments indicated that the limit of detection (LOD) for both Blunt-ISS and Blunt-ompT was 102 copies. Repeatability tests showed that both method exhibited excellent reproducibility under identical conditions. Clinical testing of 60 tissue samples revealed 100% concordance with conventional PCR.Conclusion　The TaqMan qPCR method established in this study is highly specific, sensitive, reproducible, and suitable for clinical detection.

Objective　To investigate the differences in gene expression in different tissues of Sigmodon hispidus, and promote the open sharing of laboratory animal resource.Methods　RNA-seq sequencing technology was used to perform transcriptome sequenceing and bioinformatics analysis on five tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidney) of Sigmodon hispidus. Results　After quality control processing, a total of 461 666 539 sequences were obtained from 20 samples, with the base number ranging from 6.37 G to 7.99 G for each sample. The clean reads were assembled using Trinity software to obtain 216 139 unigenes with an average length of 1 170 bp. A total of 168 458(77.93%) unigenes were successfully annotated in seven databases, including 26 394 (12.21%) and 38 056 (17.60%) unigenes annotated in KEGG and GO databases, respectively. Through further analysis of the gene expression levels between different tissues, found that the number of uniquely expressed genes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were 12 297, 14 477, 35 104, 23 728, and 9 636, respectively. And a total of 103 359 differentially expressed genes between different tissues was detected.Conclusion　This study obtained gene expression data of different tissues of Sigmodon hispidus,through transcriptome sequencing analysis, providing reference for further research on the biological characteristics of Sigmodon hispidus and the development and utilization of functional gene resources of this laboratory animal.

Objective　Analyze the monitoring results of microbiological and genetic quality of commonly used laboratory animals in Beijing from 2020 to 2022, so as to provide quality references for laboratory animal production units, users and testing institutions. Methods　In accordance with current valid national standards of the People’s Republic of China and local standards of Beijing Municipality, random inspections of laboratory animals in Beijing were conducted by the Beijing Office for Laboratory Animal Administration (Beijing Office for Human Genetic Resources Administration), with quality inspection reports issued based on the test results. According to the monitoring data, quality analyses were conducted on different grades of mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, minipigs and laboratory fish in Beijing from 2020 to 2022. Results　During three years, a total of 3 723 batches of animals from 185 institutions were randomly inspected. The number of non-conforming batches in microbial detection was 26, 20 and 19 respectively. The main cause of non-conformity was positive pathogenic microorganisms (19 batches). All immunological indicators were qualified, and no genetic variation was found.Conclusion　From 2020 to 2022, the genetic quality of laboratory animals in Beijing was fully qualified, and the number of microbiologically non conforming batches decreased year by year, indicating a steady improvement in overall quality. The quality supervision of laboratory animals acts as a supervisory and regulatory measure, providing scientific guidance for practitioners to control and improve the quality of laboratory animals. Normalized quality sampling and supervision are of great significance in ensuring the scientificity and reliability of life science research, biomedical research and development, and other related work.

Objective　Construction of a specific probe targeting triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) for noninvasive in vivo precise identification of vulnerable plaques in mouse carotid arteries by fluorescence imaging.Methods　Synthesized specific nanoprobes targeting TREM-1. Thirty male apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were divided into carotid artery vulnerable plaque model group (AS group,n=20) and control group (n=10) based on whether unilateral carotid artery stenosis ring placement was performed and the type of diet administered. AS group mice underwent unilateral carotid artery stenosis ring placement and were fed a high-fat diet for 20-24 weeks. Afterward, six mice were randomly selected for in vivo fluorescence imaging. Based on the injected probe type, these mice were further divided into the AS+non-targeted nanoparticle group (AS+nNPs, n=3) and the AS+TREM 1-targeted nanoparticle group (AS+fNPs, n=3). Control mice received standard maintenance diet for the same duration. Subsequently, three mice were randomly selected for TREM-1-targeted nanoparticle injection (control+fNPs) followed by in vivo fluorescence imaging. This validated whether our constructed specific probes could accurately identify vulnerable plaques in vivo.Results　A specific molecular probe was successfully constructed, exhibiting uniform morphology under electron microscopy with a near-circular shape and a diameter of approximately 65 nm. In vitro fluorescence imaging demonstrates that the probe exhibits excellent near infrared region-Ⅱ (NIR-Ⅱ) luminescence capability. Following euthanasia, aortic vessels from AS group mice underwent gross oil red O staining.Results revealed extensive lipid plaques in the carotid arteries. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson’s trichrome, and oil red O staining of carotid arteries indicated substantial plaque formation beneath the intima, characterized by lipid-rich necrotic cores and reduced collagen content near the intima, meeting diagnostic criteria for vulnerable plaques. In vivo fluorescence imaging results demonstrated that, compared with the AS+nNPs group, mice in the AS+fNPs group exhibited significantly increased probe accumulation in the carotid artery region and markedly enhanced fluorescence signal intensity.The probe exhibited peak fluorescence intensity 3 h post-injection, with gradual attenuation thereafter,while faint fluorescence remained detectable at 24 h. In ApoE-/- mice fed standard chow and injected with TREM-1 targeted nanoprobes, no significant fluorescence signals were observed in the carotid artery region. The probes demonstrated no apparent toxic side effects on liver and kidney function, cardiac enzymes, or major organs.Conclusion　In vivo fluorescence imaging experiments in mice demonstrate that the specific probes in this study can accurately recognize arterial vulnerable plaques, exhibiting high sensitivity, a prolonged observation window, and excellent biosafety.

Objective　To establish animal models of impaired upper respiratory tract mucosal immune function induced by different methods, providing experimental evidence for the study of disease mechanisms and prevention strategies.Methods　Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 10 groups, control groups (A0, B0) and model group 1 (A1, B1), model group 2 (A2, B2), model group 3 (A3, B3), and model group 4 (A4, B4), with five mice in each group. Except for the control groups, all other groups underwent modeling, with group A receiving continuous modeling for 7 d and group B for 14 d. The specific modeling method were as follows: model group 1 (-20 ℃), model group 2 (4 ℃), model group 3 (-20 ℃ + cyclophosphamide), and model group 4 (4 ℃ + cyclophosphamide). After continuous modeling for 7 d and 14 d, changes in mouse behavior, body weight, and immune organ (thymus, spleen) indices were observed. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to examine pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract mucosa (nose, oral cavity, throat). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure immune factor levels in saliva and serum. Immunofluorescence was used to localize polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIgR) and secretory component (SC) proteins.Results　After 7 d of modeling, compared with control group A0, mice in model groups A1, A3, and A4 showed reduced spontaneous activity, poor mental state, and significant decreases in body weight, thymus index, and spleen index (P<0.05). Hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. Model group A2 showed a significantly decreased thymus index (P<0.05), but no significant difference in spleen index. The detection results of immune factors in saliva and serum showed that the levels of lysozyme (LZM), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the saliva of groups A1, A3, and A4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In serum, LZM and IgA were significantly decreased in group A1 (P<0.05), while sIgA showed no significant difference. Serum LZM, sIgA, and IgA were all significantly decreased in group A3 (P<0.05). Serum LZM and IgA were significantly decreased in group A4 (P<0.05), while sIgA showed no significant difference. In model group A2, only the salivary sIgA content was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in other indicators compared with the control group A0. After 14 d of modeling, compared with the control group B0, mice in model groups B1, B2, B3, and B4 all showed reduced spontaneous activity, listlessness, significantly decreased body mass, thymus index, and spleen index (P<0. 05), and persistent pathological changes in the upper respiratory mucosa. The detection results of immune factors showed that salivary and serum levels of LZM, sIgA, and IgA in groups B1, B3, and B4 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). In group B2, salivary LZM, sIgA, and IgA were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and serum LZM and sIgA were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while serum IgA showed no significant difference.Conclusion　Exposure to -20 ℃ environmental stimulation for 20 min, twice daily, for 7 consecutive days can induce impaired upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity in mice. In contrast, crating a corresponding model under 4 ℃ conditions requires either combined treatment with cyclophosphamide or extended modeling duration.

Objective　To compare the differences between tissue explant adherence method and enzymatic digestion method for isolating and culturing rat pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs), and to identify the optimal method for obtaining primary PAFs with favorable growth status and stable performance.Methods　Rat pulmonary arteries were processed using tissue explant adherence method and enzymatic digestion method, respectively. Cellular morphology and passage growth status were observed under microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the expression levels of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and the specific marker Vimentin. The optimal isolation and culture method was comprehensively evaluated based on these observations. Results　Both method successfully obtained PAFs, but the enzymatic digestion method demonstrated significant superiority over tissue explant adherence method. PAFs prepared by enzymatic digestion exhibited rapid growth (50%-60% adherence rate by Day 7 and full confluence by Day 10) with typical spindle-shaped morphology, maintaining excellent proliferative capacity through passages 3-5. In contrast, PAFs from tissue explant adherence method showed slow growth (only 60% 70% confluence by Day 14) and apparent senescence with limited passage by passage 5. Immunofluorescence result revealed that PAFs from both method were negative expression for CD31, showed low α-SMA expression, and positive Vimentin expression, consistent with fibroblast characteristics. Notably, enzymatic digestion-derived PAFs displayed morphology and marker expression patterns more aligned with ideal fibroblast phenotype.Conclusion　Enzymatic digestion method efficiently produces PAFs with stable morphology, high proliferative activity, and superior passaging performance.

Objective　To establish high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) model by subjecting SD rats to treadmill exercise under various conditions (altitude platform, hypoxia duration, and altitude) and to conduct a differential analysis.Methods　Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into 9 groups, namely a control group and 8 experimental groups (n=10). The 8 experimental groups were exposed to 4 environments [high altitude field (4 010 m) or simulated high altitude environments (4 000, 5 000, 6 000 m)] for 2 time points (48 h or 72 h), and assisted treadmill exhaustive exercise was performed to establish the HAPE model. The control group was not exposed to hypoxic environment. After the exposure period, relevant physiological and pathological indicators related to high altitude were immediately collected and measured.Results　Compared with control group, rats in all experimental groups exhibited varying degrees of lung lesions. The protein concentration, creatinine (Cr), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly elevated (P<0.05, P<0.01). Urea (UREA), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 ), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 ), base excess (BE), extracellular fluid base excess (BEecf ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose (Glu), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) were significantly decreased (P<0.01). In all experimental groups except for the simulated 4000 m/48 h group, the lung water content (LWC), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1,MCP-1) protein-1 (MCP-1) in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). In all experimental groups except for the simulated 4000 m/48 h group and the field 48 h group, malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly elevated (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the field 48 h group, simulated 5 000 m/48 h group, and simulated 6 000 m/48 h group, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were significantly increased (P<0.01), while endothelin-1 (Edn1) were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the field 72 h group, simulated 5 000 m/72 h group, and simulated 6000 m/72 h group, vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) and endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (Epas1) were significantly elevated (P<0.05, P<0.01), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Ppara) were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion　Combined with treadmill exercise, exposure to high altitude (4 010 m) for 48 h or 72 h in the field, or exposure to simulated high altitude (5 000 m or 6 000 m) for 48 h or 72 h, has a high success rate and is relatively stable in establishing a high altitude pulmonary edema model, making it suitable for promotion.

Objective　To establish a mouse model of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) by using a modified superior mesenteric vein injection technique, aiming to optimize modeling efficiency and stability, thereby providing a reliable animal model for in vivo experimental research on CRLM.Methods Forty male BALB/c mice were selected. The distal superior mesenteric vein was ligated, and 100 μL of a CT26-luc colorectal adenocarcinoma cell suspension (1×106 cells/mL) was injected to construct the CRLM model. Model establishment was verified using small animal in vivo fluorescence imaging and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results　In vivo fluorescence imaging revealed punctate fluorescent signals in the livers of some mice as early as day 2 post-modeling. Stable tumor formation was generally achieved within 4-6 d, with a modeling success rate of 95% and a mortality rate of 5%. Gross anatomical examination showed multiple, scattered grayish-white metastatic foci on the liver surface. HE staining confirmed the presence of multiple, dispersed nuclear atypia lesions within liver tissue. Conclusion　The modified method for establishing mouse CRLM model is highly stable and reproducible, and can serve as a high-quality animal model to support fundamental research on the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of CRLM.

Objective　To observe the behavioral characteristics of male 5×FAD mice and intervention effect of Ditan Tang.Methods　Positive mice were screened through tail gene identification, and their learning and memory abilities were evaluated by Barnes maze test(BMT) and novel object recognition (NOR) test. The anxiety status of mice was evaluated by open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The depression status of mice was evaluated by sucrose preference test(SPT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST). The social ability of mice was evaluated by three-chamber social preference test(TCSP). Observe the intervention effect of Ditan Tang on the behavior of mice of different ages.Results　There was no significant difference in the general condition between 5×FAD mice and C57/BL6 mice. Compared with control group, in BMT, 4, 8, and 12 months’ old 5 × FAD mice showed varying degrees of reduction in the number of correct hole explorations (P<0.05, P<0.01) and in the correct quadrant dwell time (P<0.01). In NOR test, the cognitive coefficient of 4, 8, and 12 months’ old 5×FAD mice decreased to varying degrees (P<0.05).In OFT, the total activity distance, central area dwell time, and upright exploration frequency of 4, 8, and 12 months’ old 5×FAD mice were reduced to varying degrees (P<0.01). In EMP test, the open arm dwell time and downward exploration frequency of 4, 8, and 12 months’ old 5×FAD mice decreased to varying degrees (P<0.01), while the closed arm dwell time increased to varying degrees (P<0.01). In TST and FST, the immobility time of 4, 8, and 12 months’ old 5×FAD mice increased to varying degrees (P<0.01). In SPT, the sucrose skewness of 4, 8, and 12 months’ old 5×FAD mice was reduced to varying degrees (P<0.01). Ditan Tang significantly improved the above indicators in 4-month-old 5 × FAD mice, and partially improve some indicators in 8- and 12-month old 5×FAD mice.Conclusion Ditan Tang can effectively improve the anxiety and depression status of 4-month-old male 5×FAD mice.It provides theoretical basis for clinical application.

Objective　To investigate the effects of chronic restraint stress on the gut microbiota in depressive model mice and its association with behavioral phenotypes.Methods　Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to a control group (n=12) and a model group (n=12). The control group was housed under standard conditions, while the model group received chronic restraint stress intervention. Body weight was monitored, and behavioral characteristics were assessed using the open field test and the sucrose preference test. The composition of gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and differences in microbial community diversity and structure between the two groups were compared.Results　Compared with control group, model group showed a significant slowdown in body weight gain, along with significantly reduced locomotor and exploratory activity in the open field test and a decreased sucrose preference index (P<0.05). Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the richness and diversity of microbial community were significantly lower in model group (P<0.05). The relative abundance ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was significantly altered, and marked fluctuations were observed in the abundance of specific bacterial genera.Conclusion　Chronic restraint stress may induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, which could be involved in the occurrence of depressive-like behaviors. These findings suggest that gut microbes may influence central emotional regulation via the gut-brain axis.

Objective　To investigate the effect of type Ⅰ interferon (IFNα-2b) on the hypoglycemic effect of metformin in diabetic rat models, so as to provide experimental evidence for rational clinical medication.Methods　Sixty SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were used in this study. Among them, fifty-four rats received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to establish diabetic models. After successful modeling, 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) according to the dose of metformin, control group 1, 0.5 g/kg group, 1.0 g/kg group, 1.5 g/kg group and 2.0 g/kg group. Blood glucose changes were observed, and the optimal dose of metformin was determined based on the correlation between blood glucose variation and drug dosage. Subsequently, unmodeled rats were used as the blank group (n=6), and the remaining 24 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into control group 2, IFNα-2b group, metformin group and IFNα-2b + metformin group (n=6). Rats in the metformin group and IFNα-2b + metformin group were intragastrically administered with 1.0 g/kg metformin. Rats in the IFNα-2b group and IFNα-2b + metformin group were intraperitoneally injected with 4×105 IU/kg IFNα-2b. Blood glucose levels in rats were monitored.Results　The hypoglycemic effect of metformin on diabetic rats showed an obvious dose-dependent manner (R2=0.9109), and 1.0 g/kg was determined as the optimal dose of metformin. After administration, blood glucose levels in the metformin group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.01). However, no significant decrease in blood glucose was observed in the IFNα-2b group and IFNα-2b + metformin group than those before treatment. The differences between these two groups and the metformin group were statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion　In the diabetic rat model established in this study, IFNα-2b can significantly inhibit the hypoglycemic effect of metformin.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC), a newly identified class of innate immune cells in recent years, exhibit a broad spectrum of functions. Based on their phenotypic characteristics, ILCs can be categorized into three main subsets, ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s. The development of specific animal experimental models offers significant advantages for elucidating the precise biological functions of ILCs. However, the complete and specific ablation of these cells is technically challenging due to the lack of ILC-specific promoters. To overcome this limitation, strategies targeting the upstream regulators of ILC development and functional pathways have been employed to generate animal models with ILC-specific defects. This review systematically summarizes the ILC-deficient mouse models established through diverse strategies, which are based on the distinct functional properties of ILCs, and provides an important theoretical basis for the construction of relevant models in various stages of innate lymphoid cell research.

Memory impairment is the primary symptom of numerous neurological diseases and represents a hot and challenging issue in current neuroscience research. The development of animal models of memory impairment serves as the foundation for research on nervous system disorders. Multiple chemicals are utilized in the creation of memory impairment models due to their ability to interfere with or disrupt the function of biological macromolecules. This article comprehensively reviews the specific types and mechanisms of memory impairment induced by various chemicals, offering a theoretical basis for the study of memory impairment models and novel insights into exploring approaches to ameliorate memory impairment.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is one of the common diseases of adolescents in China, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Some scholars have explored the molecular mechanism of scoliosis by simulating the three-dimensional deformity of scoliosis in experimental animals. This article reviews the literature on the study of scoliosis in the past five years, summarizes the research progress of scoliosis animal models in recent years, summarizes the brief steps of establishing scoliosis animal models by different method based on animal species classification, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds and methods of establishing scoliosis animal models, aims to provide reference for experimental research on establishing scoliosis animal models.