Objective　This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota of cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), and promote the open sharing of this laboratory animal resources.Methods Cecal, colonic, and rectal contents were collected from 10 cotton rat. The V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA was amplified with bacterial universal primers, and high-throughput sequencing was performed. QIIME was used to analyze the bacterial diversity and analyze the differences among the samples from different groups. The LEfSe software was used to determine the biomarkers among different groups. Results　A total of 2 359 297 valid sequences was obtained from samples of all cotton rat. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were the top three dominant bacteria in terms of relative abundance in each group. The alpha diversity analysis showed that there were no significant differences in five indicators, including observed features, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, and Good’s Coverage, among the three groups of samples. The beta diversity analysis result indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the cecal and colonic contents samples. The result of LEfSe analysis suggested that the bacteria belonging to Desulfobacterota, Desulfovibrionia, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfovibrio, Firmicutes, Clostridia, Lachnospirales, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospirales and Oscillospiraceae were the biomarkers that have significant differences in cecal contents, while the bacteria of the Bacteroidota, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, and Muribaculaceae were the biomarkers in the rectal contents.Conclusion　The composition and abundance characteristics of the gut microbiota of Sigmodon hispidus were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. It provides basic data for the research on the gut microbiota of Sigmodon hispidus.

As a novel experimental animal, the alpaca demonstrates significant application value in the biomedical field due to its unique immune characteristics and physiological structure. Alpaca-derived nanobodies, which offer advantages such as small size, high stability, and low immunogenicity, have been widely applied in disease diagnosis and treatment as well as food safety testing; the physiological characteristics of alpacas make them suitable for the construction of various medical models; their involvement in animal-assisted intervention provides new avenues for mental health interventions; strains and antimicrobial peptides isolated from alpaca intestines or feces offer resources for the development of alternatives to antibiotics and medical materials. This review summarizes the research progress of experimental alpacas in medical applications, providing a theoretical basis for the transformation of alpacas into standardized medical resources.

With the development of biotechnology and biomedicine, the demand for the use of laboratory animals has increased, creating an urgent need to develop new experimental animal resources with greater potential. Myodes rufocanus and Apodemus peninsulae are wild rodent species, both recognized as forest noxious animal with a broad distribution. Based on current research, we have already obtained a general understanding of the biological characteristics of Myodes rufocanus and Apodemus peninsulae, advancing their development as experimental animals. This paper systematically summarizes existing research progress on these two species from five disciplinary perspectives: genetics, microbiology, parasitology, ethology and laboratory animal domestication. This synthesis aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the future expansion of experimental animal resources and for the development of animal models of human diseases.

Objective　To systematically compare the efficacy and safety of different anesthetic protocols in Cynomolgus monkeys for optimizing anesthesia management in primate research.Methods　Seventy two monkeys were stratified by age into juvenile (1-6 years) and senior (12-17 years) groups, receiving one of three anesthetic regimens: (1) intravenous 3% pentobarbital sodium; (2) intramuscular ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg); or (3) ketamine induction followed by propofol infusion. Comprehensive monitoring included anesthesia induction time, maintenance duration, core physiological parameters (core temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate), and serum biochemical markers (AST, ALT, CK). Results　Pentobarbital sodium demonstrated optimal performance in juvenile subjects, characterized by rapid induction period (≤2 min) and prolonged duration (≥100 min), whereas senior animals exhibited delayed induction period and reduced efficacy, necessitating dose adjustment. Ketamine monotherapy provided stable short-duration anesthesia (10-20 min) with minimal physiological perturbations. The ketamine-propofol combination proved effective for extended procedures but required careful monitoring of thermoregulation and postoperative biochemical alterations, particularly significant CK elevation.Conclusion　This study reveals age-dependent anesthetic responses in M. fascicularis, establishing evidence-based guidelines for protocol selection in nonhuman primate research to enhance experimental standardization and animal welfare.

Objective　This study systematically compared the morphological index and histological structural characteristics of the testis in the Bufo gargarizan during and after reproduction phase, investigated the underlying patterns of change, and assessed its reproductive investment level and evolutionary position within reproductive biology.Methods　Morphological index such as body weight, testis weight, testis length and testis diameter was measured before and after breeding. The histological structure of the testis was revealed by paraffin-embedded sectioning and HE staining. The microstructure of the testis was photographed using Motic Images plus2.0 software and the diameter of the spermatogenic tubules was measured. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the obtained morphological data before and after reproduction, and t test was used to analyze the significance of the difference in the above morphological index. Results　The result showed that there was no significant difference in the morphological indexes of body weight, testis weight, length of testis, diameter of testis and tubule diameter during and after reproduction phase. During the breeding period, the coefficient of testis was only 0.003 2±0.006, which was significantly smaller than that of the Rana spinosa with similar body size. After reproduction, the coefficient of testis decreased to 0.002 3±0.003, but the decreasing trend was slow. During the reproduction period, there were only 1-2 layers of spermatogonial stem cells in the wall of seminiferous tubules, and a large number of spermatozoa clustered in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. The process of spermatogonial stem cells in seminiferous tubules proliferating and differentiating into a large number of primary spermatocytes took about 1.5 months in Bufo gargarizans, which was faster than Feirana quadrana, Nanorana pleskei and Rana chensinensis in the north slope of the Qinling mountains. The interstitial tissue of testis was obviously visible in the period of reproduction. After reproduction, the interstitial tissue of testis was significantly reduced. The number and volume of Leydig’s cells were reduced too.Conclusion　The morphological index of the testis of Bufo gargarizans did not change significantly during and after reproduction. Low reproductive investment indicated that its reproductive evolution is relatively primitive. The histological structure of the testis changed obviously before and after reproduction. The process was similar to that of amphibians had reported, which suggested that the reproductive regulation mechanism of amphibians was similar. The differentiation rate of spermatogonial cells was related to the altitude, habitat and living habits of the species. The morphological and quantitative alterations in interstitial cells indirectly reflect fluctuations in androgen secretion levels and play a crucial regulatory role in spermatogenesis, the development of male sexual characteristics, and reproductive behaviors.

Objective　To investigate the efficacy of the inactivated Duck Tembusu Virus vaccine (HB strain) on the immune organs of ducklings infected with Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV).Methods Fourteen-day-old Peking ducks were randomly divided into three groups: immunized group, non immunized control group, and negative control group. The immunized group was inoculated with the inactivated DTMUV vaccine at a dose of 0.3 mL per duck, and a booster immunization after 14 days. The challenge test was conducted at 21 days after the second immunization. Two days post-challenge, vaccine efficacy was evaluated via virus isolation. At five- and seven-days post-challenge, spleens, thymuses, and bursa of ducklings in each group were collected for viral load quantification and histopathological examination to assess the protective effects of the vaccine on immune organs of ducklings. Results　Virus isolation result showed that all 10 ducks in the immunized group were protected, whereas all 10 ducks in the non-immunized control group were infected. The result of virus load determination indicated that, on day 5 post-challenge, the viral load in the immune organs of the non-immunized control group was significantly higher than that of the immunized group. The result of histopathological observation revealed that on day 5 and 7 post-challenge, a large number of lymphocyte depletion and an increase in reticular cells in the immune organs of the non-immunized control group were observed. In the immunized group, aside from mild fatty degeneration in the liver, no significant pathological changes were observed in other tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that on day 5 post-challenge, numerous positive antigen particles were detected in the immune organs of the non immunized control group, whereas no significant positive particles were found in the immunized group. The transcriptional level analysis of cytokines and granzyme A revealed that the immunized group of ducks maintained low expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and granzyme A throughout the entire post challenge period.Conclusion　The inactivated Duck Tembusu virus vaccine effectively protects the immune organs of ducklings against DTMUV, maintaining their normal immune function.

Objective　To construct a wound model for postoperative anal fistula, more close to clinical situation.Methods　The postoperative wound model of anal fistula of oxidative stress was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) combined with stainless steel wire.Results　On the 7th day of modeling, a cord-like object could be touched at the penetration position of the steel wire, and "Anal fistula resection" was performed to form a postoperative wound model of anal fistula. After Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) of the resected tissue, typical inflammatory granulation tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared.Conclusion　A new oxidative stress-induced anal fistula postoperative wound model has been successfully constructed, which has the advantages of strong maneuverability, fast generation speed, and high modeling rate. In particular, it more accurately mimics the clinical manifestations of anal fistula postoperative wound.

Objective　Evaluate the performance of various mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and compare the concordance rate of the detection result between ELISA and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method.Methods In this experiment, 179 clinical serum samples of mice were used to compare the specificity, sensitivity, inter-batch and intra-batch differences, compliance rate and other performance differences between five Elisa kits and B kits. RT-qPCR method was used to detect 91 mice samples from tracheal+lung, liver and fecal samples, and the result were compared with the result of Elisa.Results　Using the test result of the B kit as A reference standard, the result showed that the A kit showed false positives in the negative samples and the C kit showed false negatives in the positive samples. The highest dilution gradient that the A and C Elisa kits could detect positive serum was both 2-5. The intra-batch and inter-batch differences of A kit were kept within 15%, and the intra-batch differences of C kit were kept within 15%, while the inter-batch differences significantly exceeded 15%. Compared with B kit, the positive coincidence rate of A kit was 96%, the negative coincidence rate was 98%, and the comprehensive coincidence rate was 97%. Compared with B kit, C kit had a positive coincidence rate of 93%, a negative coincidence rate of 92%, and a comprehensive coincidence rate of 92%. Secondly, the coincidence rate of MHV detection by Elisa and RT-qPCR was 69%, and the MHV positive result detected by RT-qPCR were all detected in fecal samples. Rest 3 kits did not show positive result. Conclusion　With the test result of B kit as the reference standard, Among the five MHV Elisa test kits, kit A had the best comprehensive performance, such as specificity, sensitivity, difference between and within batches and coincidence rate. The coincidence rate of MHV detection by Elisa and RT-qPCR was 69%. Rest 4 kits did not show positive result accurately.

Objective　This project aims to establish a rat model of osteoporosis combined with hyperlipidemia, providing a basis for selecting animal disease models for future studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy of osteoporosis complicated with hyperlipidemia.Methods　After one week of adaptive feeding, 12 rats were randomly divided into a control group with 6 rats and an experimental group with 6 rats. The control group was given regular feed, while the experimental group was given 60% high-fat feed plus intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, twice a week), after 13 weeks of modeling, samples were taken. Calculate liver coefficient and body fat percentage.The fully automated biochemical analyzer detects serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL); part of the liver tissue was harvested for HE staining and observation of its pathological morphology, and the right femurs were dissected for bone density examination.Results　Compared with the control group, the liver coefficient and body fat percentage of rats in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.01 and P< 0.01, respectively).The levels of TG, TC, HDL, and LDL were significantly increased (P<0.05, respectively). The surface color of the liver turns yellow, the edges become dull, and the texture is softer; the arrangement of rat liver cells is disordered, with a significant increase in volume and extensive steatosis. There are large lipid droplets and vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and some nuclei are compressed and pushed to the edge of the cell.The bone density content in the right R1, right R2, and all right regions significantly decreased (P<0.001, respectively).Conclusion　A rat model of osteoporosis combined with hyperlipidemia can be successfully established by feeding with high-fat diet and administering dexamethasone via intramuscular injection for 13 weeks.

Objective　To evaluate the public cognition situation of laboratory animal science popularization in Lianyungang City driven by the biomedical industry.Methods　Through a questionnaire survey of 650 members from the public in Lianyungang City, Combined with in-depth interviews, this study deeply analyzes the public’s scientific cognition, ethical cognition, and risk cognition levels regarding laboratory animals.Results　Data analysis reveals that the scientific cognition rate of laboratory animals among the public in Lianyungang City is only 32.7%, and the degree of ethical concern reaches 68.4%. Moreover, the cognition level is significantly correlated with age, educational attainment, and occupation (P<0.05). The problem of the gap between the demand for science popularization driven by the biomedical industry and public cognition is prominent, mainly manifested as the science popularization content tending to be ethical preaching, insufficient technological transformation, and the lack of coordination among multiple main bodies. Conclusion　By constructing a three-dimensional science popularization content system of “industrial demand-public cognition-science popularization supply”, we innovatively propose the integration mode of “industry + science popularization”, and establish countermeasures such as a multi-party collaborative science popularization ecological mechanism, so as to provide theoretical and practical references for improving the science popularization effectiveness of experimental animals in the industrial agglomeration area.

Objective To facilitate the open sharing of Nifdc: SD, Nifdc: Wistar, F344/NSlcNifdc, and BN/ SNslcNifdc rats preserved in the National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, this study is conducted.Methods　Blood physiological and biochemical values of four different types of rats of different ages and genders from the foundation stock of National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center were measured.Results　The average values and normal reference ranges of blood physiological and biochemical indexes were obtained for rats of different genders at 4 weeks and 8 weeks old. Through comparison, it was found that among the 23 blood physiological indexes of Nifdc: SD, Nifdc: Wistar, F344/NSlcNifdc, and BN/SNslcNifdc rat strains, only 2, 3, 3, and 8 indexes were not significantly affected by age and gender factors, respectively. Among the 9 blood biochemical indexes, only the UREA indexes of F344/NSlcNifdc rats and ALT, AST, and UREA indexes of BN/SNslcNifdc rats, which were not significantly affected by age and gender factors. Conclusion　This study provided biological background data for the rat foundation stocks in the National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, in addition, gender and age factors could have an impact on the blood physiology and biochemical indicators of rats. 

Objective　To investigate the mechanisms of lipid metabolic disorders and identify differential lipid metabolites in a rat model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia (MI).Methods　A rat model of MI was established by intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of isoproterenol for two consecutive days. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. The serum markers of myocardial injury were measured. Lipid metabolites in rat myocardial tissue were profiled using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), were employed to screen for differential lipids.Results　Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited a significant decrease in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) (P<0.01), along with a significant increase in left ventricular anterior wall systolic thickness (LVAWs), left ventricular anterior wall diastolic thickness (LVAWd), left ventricular posterior wall systolic thickness (LVPWs), and left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thickness (LVPWd) (P<0.01). Serum levels of LDH, CK-MB, and cTnT were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Lipidomics analysis revealed distinct myocardial lipid metabolic profiles between the two groups, leading to the identification of 92 differential lipid metabolites. Compared to the control group, the model group showed significantly decreased levels of long-chain acylcarnitines and phosphatidylcholines, while the contents of oxidized phosphatidylcholines, triglycerides, oxidized triglycerides, and ceramides were significantly increased. Conclusion　Lipidomics technology effectively characterized myocardial energy metabolism dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in the ISO-induced myocardial ischemia model, providing insights into its underlying pathological mechanisms.

Objective　To measure and analyse the blood physiological, biochemical and coagulation indicators of two closed colony of SPF Hartley guinea pigs.Methods　A total of 24 healthy SPF Hartley guinea pigs were selected, regardless of gender, from our company and a commercial animal production institution in Beijing equally. After blood collection, 14 blood physiological parameters, 28 blood biochemical parameters, and 4 blood coagulation parameters were detected using a fully automatic blood cell analyzer, a fully automatic biochemical analyzer, a fully automatic coagulation analyzer, and a biochemical indicator determination kit. Results　In blood biochemical parameters, γ- Glutamyltransferase(γ-GT), CHO, LDL and LDH showed extremely significant differences; the result of glucose (Glu), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) and zinc (Zn) showed significant differences. There was a extremely significant difference in the measurement result of prothrombin time (PT) among the coagulation indexes. There is no statistical difference in the measurement result of blood physiological indicators.Conclusion　The blood coagulation index of SPF Hartley guinea pigs was measured for the first time, and there were statistical differences in biochemical and blood coagulation indicators in two closed groups, providing background data for the application and research of guinea pigs for reference.

Objective　Discuss the detailed steps and key considerations of the modified wire-bolus method in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion experiments in mice, with a view to improving the success rate and reducing the cost of the experiments. Methods　By describing in detail the operation steps such as preoperative preparation, anesthesia fixation, surgical incision, muscle separation, breaching the chest, extrusion of the heart, and cardiac ligation and summarizing the experience in the operation. Results This paper provides practical guidance for experimenters and the method of evaluating the success or failure of the model. Conclusion　The improved operation procedure is expected to provide reliable technical support for related research and advance the development of cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment research.

In order to examine the accuracy and sensitivity of laboratory detection method, as well as the effectiveness of the laboratory quality control system, the China Institute for Food and Drug Control participated in a ICLAS program called “PEP” proficiency testing. The program was implemented from 2013 to 2021, covering a total of 8 activities, including 2 serological projects, 3 microbiological projects, and 3 combined projects. Overall, the satisfaction rate of laboratories in these ICLAS activities is 80%. The result show that participating in international proficiency testing activities can prove the validity of laboratory test result and enhance its influence in the international community.

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a clinical syndrome that rapidly develops or worsens due to abnormal cardiac function. The pathogenesis of AHF is complex, and it occurs suddenly, posing a serious threat to human life and health and bringing a heavy economic burden to society. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and prevent AHF. AHF animal models can simulate the pathogenesis of heart failure by simulating the pathogenesis of AHF. They can be used to simulate and study the pathogenesis of AHF, diagnostic method, and the effectiveness of new treatment strategies. The commonly used modeling method can be divided into surgical and non-surgical method based on whether surgery is required. Surgical method include coronary artery ligation, ex vivo AHF modeling, and pulmonary artery thrombosis models. Non-surgical method include chemical agent induction, rapid ventricular pacing, and pulmonary artery thrombosis models. By comprehensively discussing the  mechanisms,advantagesanddisadvantages,and applicable scenarios of variousmodelingmethod, this paper aims toprovide reference for animal experiment design.

The C57BL/6 mouse is the most widely used experimental rodent to date. C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N represent the major lineages of C57BL/6 mouse, from which a large number of substrains have been derived following long-term independent breeding. Genetic background differences among substrains are likely to cause phenotypic divergence, which directly affects the reliability and reproducibility of experimental result. If C57BL/6 substrains with unclear genetic backgrounds are used in experiments, potential genetic differences may cause unpredictable interference to the research result. Therefore, institutions responsible for breeding C57BL/6 mouse colonies should prioritize and implement genetic quality control. Scientific measures should be taken to promptly identify genetic contamination or substrain admixture, maintain the stable and well-defined genetic background of the substrains, and eliminate interference with research caused by mixed genetic backgrounds at the source.