Objective　To investigate the effect of brown adipose tissue in naked mole rats on renal calcification.Methods　Thirty 3-month-old naked mole rats were selected. Brown adipose tissue was removed or transfered from the scapular region of these animals, and histopathological analysis (HE staining, Alizarin Red assay) were used to detect kidney function. An in vitro calcification model was constructed by co culturing naked mole rat brown adipocytes and primary kidney cells, and the degree of kidney cell calcification was detected using microscopy, ALP assay, and fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results　The pathological result of kidney tissue from naked mole rats with brown adipose tissue removal showed tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, or glomerulosclerosis, flattened renal tubular epithelial cells, dilated lumens, and accumulation of mixed inflammatory cells in the interstitium. Alizarin red staining showed obvious red or orange red granular or patchy deposition in the kidneys; the result of the in vitro calcification model co cultured with brown adipose tissue and primary kidney cells of naked mole rats showed that the co culture system inhibited calcification of naked mole rat kidney cells.Conclusion　The calcification process of naked mole rat kidneys is significantly positively correlated with scapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). In depth research on naked mole rat kidney calcification will provide new perspectives and directions for the development of kidney diseases.

Objective　The experiment aimed to analyze the effects of the two feeding modes on the breeding effect of SPF ducks by comparing the growth of body weight, body slant length, chest depth, chest width and keel length, so as to provide reference for the large-scale production of SPF ducks in the future.Methods　One hundred and twenty healthy 1-day-old SPF ducks were divided into 2 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 20 ducks in each replicate. The first group was fed with isolator (internal air cleanliness level 5), which was referred to as isolated environment feeding group, and the second group was fed with open cage (placed in the feeding room with air cleanliness level 7), which was referred to as barrier environment feeding group, which was raised to 16 weeks of age. During the period, the growth index growth data of SPF ducks under the two method were measured and compared every 4 weeks.Results　During the brooding period (0-4 weeks), the growth of body weight and chest depth in the isolated environment feeding group was significantly higher than that in the open cage group (P< 0.01). The growth of body oblique length and chest width was significantly higher than that in the open cage group (P<0.05), while the growth of body weight, chest depth and chest width in the 4-8 weeks was significantly lower than that in the barrier environment feeding group (P<0.01). The growth of chest depth in the 8-12 weeks was significantly lower than that in the barrier environment feeding group (P< 0.01). The growth of body weight and body oblique length in the 12-16 weeks was significantly lower than that in the barrier environment feeding group (P<0.01). And the growth of chest depth and chest width was significantly lower than that in the barrier environment feeding group (P<0.05).Conclusion The growth performance of the isolated environment feeding group is better than that of the barrier environment feeding group in the brood period (0-4 weeks). And the growth performance of the barrier environment feeding group is better than that of the isolated environment feeding group in the adult period (4-16 weeks). 

Objective　Microsatellite DNA markers were employed to assess the genetic quality of SPF “Shendan No.1” Coturnix populations.Method　To assess genetic diversity, 57 SPF “Shendan No.1” Coturnix individuals were genotyped at 23 microsatellite loci. Result　A total of 195 alleles were detected, averaging 8.48 alleles per locus, with GUJ0029 exhibiting the highest allelic richness (17 alleles), followed by GUJ0071(16 alleles), while UBC0004 showed minimal variation (3 alleles). Among the 23 loci, the polymorphism analysis revealed that 19 loci were highly polymorphic (PIC> 0.5), whereas UBC0005, GUJ0063, and GUJ0084 displayed moderate polymorphism, and UBC0004 was the only low-polymorphic locus. The population exhibited amean effective allele number of 4.385 5, showing a high degree of polymorphism. And anaverage heterozygosity of 0.642 3, indicating robust genetic diversity. These values, consistent with the expected range (0.5-0.7) for closed colonies, reflect the controlled breeding history of SPF coturnix.Conclusion　Our findings confirmed that the SPF “Shendan No.1” quail population retains sufficient genetic diversity while meeting the criteria for closed colony maintenance. Thus, it serves as asuitable foundation stock for standardized laboratory animal breeding programs.

Objective　To explore the isolation, purification and in vitro culture conditions of naked mole rat neural stem cells and the effects of 60Co-γ rays on naked mole rat neural stem cells.Methods　The subventricular zone (SVZ) brain tissue of fetuses from 8-9-week pregnant naked mole rat was isolated, and an in vitro culture system of naked mole rat neural stem cells was established. The isolated naked mole rat neural stem cells were purified based on their physical characteristics, specific SRY-box transcription factor 2(SOX2)immunofluorescence labeling and multi-directional differentiation potential. Subsequently, the in vitro cultured naked mole rat neural stem cells were irradiated with 10 Gy 60Co-γ rays in a single dose. The comet assay, flow cytometry cell cycle assay, qPCR assay and neurosphere assay were used to investigate the effects of irradiation on DNA damage, proliferation and growth of naked mole rat neural stem cells.Results　The cultured naked mole rat neural stem cells had the characteristic of spherical growth of stem cells, could specifically express neural stem cell-specific markers, and had good multi-directional differentiation potential. The growth cycle of naked mole rat neural stem cells was slow. After irradiation, they could repair the DNA damage within a short time and maintain a normal growth rate and state, indicating that naked mole rat neural stem cells have certain radiation stability. Conclusion　The in vitro growth of naked mole rat neural stem cells has special environmental requirements, with a low growth rate, and naked mole rat neural stem cells have strong radiation resistance.

Objective　To provide a novel method for tail vein injection in mice, aimed at improving efficiency and success rates.Methods　One hundred and twenty SPF C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly divided into four groups:cage cover suppression injection group, fixed lamp light injection group, conventional distal tail vein injection group, and proximal tail vein injection group (experimental group), with 30 mice in each group. Mice were restrained using a tail vein fixator and the tail was secured using a specific technique. Insulin syringes were used for injecting by proximal tail vein. The success rates of various puncture method were recorded and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 27.0.Results　Compared to the methods of restraining with cages, stabilizer with light exposure, and conventional distal tail vein injections, the proximal tail vein injection method demonstrates significantly improved success rates (P<0.05).Conclusion　This approach is accurate, efficient, and convenient, offering a new perspective for tail vein injection in mice.

Objective　To explore the effects of repeated administration of Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract on rat body weight, blood indicators and histopathology.Methods　A total of 120 SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and low-, medium-, and high-dose groups treated with Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract. The control group was orally fed with animal drinking water, while the low, medium and high dose groups were orally fed with 8.50, 17.0 and 34.0 g/(kg·bw) raw drug of Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract respectively per day for 30 consecutive days. The general conditions, rat body weight, blood indicators and liver histopathological changes of rats during the administration period and recovery period were observed.Results　During the administration period, no obvious adverse reactions occurred in each group of rats, and the body weight increased normally. Compared with the control group, after 30 days of administration, the red blood cells (RBC) in the medium and high-dose groups of male mice increased (P<0.05,P<0.01), and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased (P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the control group, during the recovery period, the ALTs in the low, medium and high dose groups of female rats decreased (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01); the GGTs in the medium dose group decreased (P<0.05).Histopathological examination of the liver tissue after 30 days of administration showed focal inflammatory cell infiltration in the low and medium dose groups, as well as focal inflammatory cell infiltration and a large number of fat cells in the high dose group, with fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. During the recovery period, the degree of lesion in the low and medium dose groups was significantly reduced compared to the administration period, with no fatty degeneration observed. However, in the high dose group, focal inflammatory cell infiltration and a large number of fat cells were seen in the liver.Conclusion　Long term high-dose administration of Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract can lead to pathological changes in rat liver, and its hepatotoxicity is dose- and time-dependent. The maximum non-toxic dose is 17.0 g/(kg· bw) (100 times of the clinical dosage). When using Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract clinically, it is necessary to strictly control the dose and course of treatment, and closely monitor liver function-related indicators.

Objective　In order to explore the dynamic changing regularity of each physiological index on acute hyperuricemia model in rats.Methods　The acute hyperuricemia rat model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of hypoxanthine and subcutaneous injection of oteracil potassium in different doses. At 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after modeling, 6 animals were taken respectively to determine blood uric acid, blood creatinine, serum urea nitrogen and serum. The activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the liver was examined and the renal histopathological test was conducted.Results　Hypoxanthine combined with oteracil potassium can successfully establish hyperuricemia model in rats. Two hours after administration of 100 mg/(kg·bw) hypoxanthine and oteracil potassium, the level of serum uric acid was significantly increased (P<0.05), but the level of serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen did not increase significantly. However, when the dose of oteracil potassium was increased to 200 mg/(kg·bw), 4 h after modeling, the level of serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen was increased significantly (P< 0.05). We also found that the degree and duration of the model were direct proportionality to the dose of  hypoxanthine and oteracil potassium, and the levels of serum uric acid, serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen showed certain dynamic changing regularity. In addition, the pathological damages of kidney were found in each dose group, and the damage scope expanded with time. Finally, in the situation of acute attacks of hyperuricemia, no significant changes of xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in serum and liver were observed.Conclusion　When establishing acute hyperuricemia model in rats, it may be suitable that the dosage range of hypoxanthine is between 100-300 mg/(kg·bw), and the dosage range of potassium oxazinate dose is between 100-200 mg/(kg·bw).

Objective　To establish a method for the isolation and identification of melanocytes from the skin of albino mutant chinese hamsters (AL) and wild-type hamsters (WT), and to analyze the functions of melanin synthesis and cell proliferation, in order to provide an ideal primary cell model for the study of albinism pathogenesis in this spontaneous albino mutant animal model.Methods　Hamster back skin tissues within 3 days of birth were removed, and melanocytes were isolated by trypsin digestion and cultured in MelM medium. Melanocytes were identified by immunofluorescence staining, L-Dopa staining, and transmission electron microscopy.The melanin content was determined by Masson-Fontana staining and colorimetric assay,the tyrosinase (TYR) activity was detected by L-Dopa catalytic assay and MTT assy, the cell proliferation was determined by cell cycle analysis and colony formation assy.Results Immunofluorescence of melanocyte-specific proteins TYR and Pmel17 showed that isolated AL and WT skin melanocytes all expressed. L-Dopa staining of AL melanocytes was significantly lighter than that of WT melanocytes, and there were fewer intracellular maturation-stage melanosomes. Melanin content and TYR activity of AL melanocytes were significantly lower than that of WT melanocytes (P<0.001); the proliferation rate of AL melanocytes was significantly faster than that of WT melanocytes (P<0.05), the proportion of S-phase cells was significantly higher (P<0.05), and the colony-forming ability was significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Conclusion　Trypsin digestion can obtain functional melanocytes from albino mutant chinese hamster skin, which have weakened melanin synthesis but enhanced proliferation ability.

Objective　To exploring the application of novel separable magnetically-controlled forceps in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgeries.Methods　Four Bama miniature pigs were used as subjects. After general anesthesia, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, partial hepatectomy, and partial gastrectomy were performed. A novel separable magnetically-controlled forceps was used instead of Allis forceps to assist in pulling and exposing the surgical field. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, whether auxiliary incisions were needed during the operation, and intraoperative unexpected events were recorded to evaluate the safety of the separable magnetic forceps. The 5-point Likert scale was used to assess the satisfaction of the operators’ operations and the generalizability of the separable magnetic forceps. The study conformed to the animal ethics regulations. Results　With the aid of the novel separable magnetically-controlled forceps, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, partial liver resection and partial stomach resection with reduction of the puncture hole in the abdominal cavity were successfully performed on all four Bama miniature pigs. The operation durations were (15.43±2.32) minutes, (18.71±4.21) minutes, and (23.32±3.43) minutes, respectively. The average intraoperative blood loss was less than 10 mL. The surgeon expressed a high level of satisfaction regarding the opening and closing, clamping, separation, and retrieval capabilities of the detachable magnetic control forceps. Additionally, the exposure of the surgical area was deemed satisfactory. Throughout the procedure, no adverse events transpired, including the detachment of the magnetic iron from the detachable magnetic forceps head, damage to the abdominal wall contact area, or the inability to retrieve the forceps head. Following the surgery, the experimental animals exhibited good survival rates, and no severe complications were encountered during the perioperative period.Conclusion　The novel separable magnetically-controlled forceps is safe and effective in assisting laparoscopic hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, and other surgeries. It can achieve excellent tissue traction and visualization, facilitate port reduction in minimally invasive surgery, and has clinical promotion value. 

Objective　To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on organ coefficient and ovarian aromatase (CYP19A1) gene and protein expression induced by high-fat diet in female growing rats. Methods　21-day-old female SD rats were randomly divided into control, model and acupuncture groups, with 6 rats in each group. The control group was fed with regular feed; the model group was fed with high-fat feed without any treatment; the electroacupuncture group was fed with high-fat feed and selected “Sanyinjiao” (SP6), “Fenglong” (ST40) and “Zusanli” (ST36) for electroacupuncture treatment for 14 days. The body mass and length of rats were measured weekly. After treatment, the body mass, liver mass, ovarian mass, and uterine mass of rats were weighed on an electronic balance. The liver coefficient (liver mass/body mass), ovarian coefficient (ovarian mass/body mass), and uterine coefficient (uterus mass/body mass) were calculated. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of CYP19A1 mRNA in rat ovaries, Western blot method for detecting the expression level of CYP19A1 protein in rat ovarian tissue.Results　Compared with the control group, the body mass and Lee’s index of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the organ coefficient was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression of ovarian CYP19A1 mRNA and protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the body weight and Lee’s index of the acupuncture group rats were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the organ coefficient and the expression of ovarian CYP19A1 mRNA and protein were significantly downregulated (P<0.05). Conclusion　Electroacupuncture can reduce the Lee’s index and organ coefficient of high-fat diet induced obese female growth period rats, downregulate the expression levels of ovarian CYP19A1 mRNA and protein, and thus regulate the level of sexual development in female growth period obese rats.

Objective　To conduct a comparative study on mice models of endometritis induced by Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Twenty-four female ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group, the LPS model group, the S. aureus model group, and the E. coli model group, with 6 mice in each group. The inducing agents injected were normal saline, LPS (1 mg/mL), S. aureus (1×109 CFU/mL), and E. coli (1×108 CFU/mL) respectively, at a dose of 50 μL per mouse. The mice were weighed continuously for 7 days. On the 7th day, blood and uterine tissues were collected to detect blood routine and blood biochemical parameters, calculate the uterine index, observe the structure of uterine pathological tissue sections, and determine the changes in inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in uterine tissues.Results Compared with the control group, the mice in the two bacterial-induced model groups showed a significant increase in white blood cell count, mainly due to the elevation of neutrophils, with significant differences (P<0.05). The uterine index in the S. aureus group increased significantly (P<0.05); the histopathological sections of the three model groups showed varying degrees of endometrial cell damage, loss, and neutrophil exudation; the expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in the S. aureus group and E. coli group increased significantly (P<0.01).Conclusion　This study successfully constructed three mice models of endometritis induced by different factors (S. aureus, E. coli, and LPS), and established the S. aureus-induced mouse endometritis model for the first time. By comparing the blood, tissue, and cytokine aspects, the differences among different induced models were revealed, providing an experimental model for further research on endometritis. 

Objective　To establish a method of genome extraction for genotyping of germ cells of laboratory animals.Methods　The genomic phenol extraction method, column kit extraction method and magnetic bead kit extraction method were optimized and compared for the DNA extraction of sperm and embryos samples in terms of fluorescent PCR method.Results　1) All the three method above are effective for sperm DNA extraction. The column extraction kit optimized by adding DTT showes the highest genome extraction efficiency for sperm samples(P<0.05). 2) Column kit and magnetic bead kit could extract the embryo genome effectively, and the DNA magnetic bead kit had the highest yield when extracting embryos (P<0.05). Conclusion　The column extraction method optimized by adding dithiothreitol (DTT) is preferred when extracting sperm genome. When extracting the embryo genome, the DNA magnetic bead kit is preferred. All above provides a reference for genome extraction from frozen germ cells.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global medical problem affecting millions of people, and its incidence has increased rapidly in recent years due to the increased prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, with 30%-40% of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease within 20 years of diagnosis. Many rodent models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been developed to elucidate the pathogenesis of CKD and to investigate new therapeutic approaches for CKD. These models have been developed by surgical, drug-induced, and genetic engineering approaches, or a combination of two or more approaches. The characteristic structures of CKD, including tubular atrophy, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and focal hypertrophy, should be manifested in animal models of CKD. However, rodent models with all of the above features of human CKD have not been established. In addition, sex, genetic background and strain differences also show different levels of susceptibility to CKD with respect to the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. In this review, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different rodent models used to study CKD to provide ideas and lessons for researchers.

Lasiopodomys brandtii is a small rodent. Its natural ecological environment may fluctuate in the oxygen content in the cave due to seasonal changes. Especially during the rainy season and winter, a hypoxic environment is formed in the cave of Lasiopodomys brandtii. It must adopt certain adaptive strategies to maintain its survival. The adaptive mechanisms of Lasiopodomys brandtii in a hypoxic environment show highly complex physiological and molecular coordination. It enhances anaerobic metabolism, activates innate immune responses through oxygen transport and angiogenesis, and downregulates nerve synaptic transmission functions to reduce the body’s energy consumption to cope with hypoxic environments. The adaptive mechanism to the hypoxic environment not only reflects the ability of Lasiopodomys brandtii to adapt to the hypoxic environment, but also reveals the high degree of coordination formed by its physiological and metabolic systems during evolution. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the adaptability of Lasiopodomys brandtii to hypoxic environment.

Objective　To study the modeling characteristics of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, providing reference for establishing stable and reliable animal models of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods　A systematic review was conducted on the research of animal models of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Relevant literature on animal models of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was retrieved and a database was established. CiteSpace software was used to conduct visual analysis of animal models of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. ResultsA total of 246 literatures were included in the study. The main experimental animals for qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were rats. The main modeling method is sleep deprivation. The combination of disease and syndrome, mainly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is a current research hotspot. The future research trend might be the gut microbiota.Conclusion　By summarizing and analyzing the preparation method and research hotspots of the animal model of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, this paper provides a reference for improving the success rate of the animal model, with the aim of laying a foundation for the study of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and its combination of disease and syndrome.