Table of Content

28 February 2022, Volume 39 Issue 1

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Study on Three-dimensional Visualization of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Based on X-ray Diffraction Enhanced Imaging and the Effect of Shuangshen Ningxin Capsule 

LI Lei, MENG Hongxu , CHEN Yu, FU Jianhua, YUAN Qingxi, SHI Yue , MA Yanlei , LIU Jianxun∗

2022, 39(1):  1. 

Asbtract ( 263 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To explore the three-dimensional visualization method of coronary microvessels, and whether Shuangshen Ningxin capsule improves the three-dimensional morphology of coronary microvessels in rats with coronary microvascular dysfunction ( CMD) . Method Male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham operation group, the model group and the Shuangshen Ningxin capsule group. Shuangshen Ningxin capsule ( 90 mg / kg ) group animals were given intragastric administration for 7 consecutive days. The sham operation group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline gavage. Seven days later, the coronary microcirculation dysfunction model was established, and the specimens were sacrificed 24 hours after the operation. Coronary vascular casting and image acquisition was conducted. The X-ray diffraction enhanced images were obtained, the tomographic images were used for the three-dimensional reconstruction, 3D model was built to observe the distribution of coronary microvessels. Result Using self-curing dental tray materials can quickly make rat coronary vascular cast specimens, the smallest resolvable blood vessel diameter is about 40 μm. A threedimensional model of the coronary microvascular network is obtained after the three-dimensional reconstruction of the X-ray diffraction enhanced image, the smallest resolvable blood vessel can reach 10 μm. Both vascular casting and X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging reflect the changes in the spatial distribution of coronary microvessels in CMD rats, also the intervention of Shuangshen Ningxin capsule can also significantly improve the coronary microvasculature of animal models. Conclusion The X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging method can construct a three-dimensional visualization model of the coronary microvascular network to a certain extent, can reflect the abnormality of coronary microvascular in rats with coronary microvascular dysfunction, the effect of Shuangshen Ningxin capsule in increasing coronary microvessel density can also be reflected by this method.



Influence of MNV Infection on the Evaluation of Hepatitis B Vaccine Titer

LI Xiaobo, WANG Shujing, FU Rui, WANG Shasha, QIN Xiao, LI Wei, HUANG Zongwen, HE Zhengming, WANG Ji, YUE Bingfei

2022, 39(1):  10. 

Asbtract ( 152 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To study the effect of laboratory mice infected with MNV on the evaluation of the titer of hepatitis B vaccine. Method The BALB / c mice were divided into control and infection groups. The infected group was orally administered MNV and the control group was orally administered with saline. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Part Ⅲ Hepatitis B vaccine titer determination method, hepatitis B vaccine was divided into high, medium and low dose groups and immunized the control group and the infected group mice respectively. Blood was collected on day 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after immunization to determine the hepatitis B surface antibody ( HbsAb ) . The ED50 values at each time point of immunization of the control group and the infection group were calculated and compared. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of HbsAb positive rate between the control group and the infected group. Result The ED50 values of the control group immunized with hepatitis B vaccine on day 14, 21, 28, and 35 were 0. 55, 0. 55, 0. 28, and 0. 24 μg / mL, and those in the infected group were 0. 90, 0. 54, 0. 32, and 0. 32 μg / mL, respectively. On the day 21, the ED50 values of the two groups were close, and the ED50 values of the control group at the remaining three time points were lower than those of the infected group. After chi-square test, there was no significant difference in the overall positive rate of HbsAb between the control group and the infected group at all time points ( P > 0. 05) . Further comparison revealed that on the day 28 and day 35 of immunization with hepatitis B vaccine, the number of animals with HbsAb immunized with high-dose hepatitis B vaccine in the control group was significantly higher than that in the infected group ( P < 0. 05 ) ; On the day 14 after immunization, the number of HbsAb-positive animals immunized with the middle-dose hepatitis B vaccine in the control group was significantly higher than that in the infection group ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion To determine the hepatitis B vaccine titer using MNV-positive mice will result in lower result.


Effects of Heat Stress on Weight and Organ Coefficient in the Female Mice 

TIAN Yonglu , LI Na, TIAN Zhen , ZENG Shenming, ZHU Desheng

2022, 39(1):  15. 

Asbtract ( 173 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of short-term heat stress on weight and organ coefficient in mice. Method Selected 92 female mice of 4-week old ( ICR) , and were randomly divided into the control group and the heat stress group. Twenty-six mice in the control group were fed in the SPF room and the other 66 mice in the heat stress group were heated in the 42 ℃ biochemical incubator for 3 hours every day for 4 weeks. During 4 weeks, the mice in the control group and the heat stress group were randomly selected to be studied. The weights of mice were recorded and then draw the ovaries, uterus, heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidney of the mice and weighted. Result The weights of mice significantly decreased after the heat stress ( P < 0. 01) . On the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th day, the average values of the decreased weight were 4. 06 g, 5. 93 g, 4. 51 g and 7. 13 g, respectively. The organ coefficient of the uterus and ovaries of the heat stress group was significantly higher than those in the control group. The liver and spleen were damaged at first, and then the heart and lungs, the kidney at least. Conclusion The animal organism prioritizes the protection for the urogenital system under extreme conditions to ensure reproduction of offspring.



Effect ofAkkermansia muciniphilaon Uric Acid,Liver and Kidney Function in Mice with Acute Hyperuricemia

NIU Miaomiao, ZHAO Changqi, Li Xuezhuang, DAI Xin, GAO Wei, TONG Xuhong, CHEN Hua

2022, 39(1):  19. 

Asbtract ( 181 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of Akkermansia muciniphila on uric acid, liver and kidney function in mice with acute hyperuricemia. Method The acute hyperuricemia model was prepared by gavage of potassium oxonate in mice for one week. Allopurinol was used as the positive control drug. The levels of serum uric acid ( UA) , creatinine ( Crea ) , urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT ) activity of hyperuricemia mice after one week gavage of A. muciniphila were measured. Result After one week gavage of A. muciniphila, the level of serum uric acid decreased partially, but there was no significant difference ( P>0. 05) . The changes of serum Crea, BUN, ALT, AST and GGT were not obvious. Conclusion A. muciniphila had little effect on serum uric acid level and liver and kidney function in mice with acute hyperuricemia.



A Preliminary Study on the Sperm Deformity of Rats Caused by Tripterygium Wilfordii Polyglycosides

CHEN Xiaojun, JIA Yusen, ZHANG Zhijie, ZHANG Yanjiang, ZHANG Weitao

2022, 39(1):  23. 

Asbtract ( 149 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract:ObjectiveUsingTripterygium wilfordiipolyglycoside to make gastric gavage, to analyze and describe the abnormal sperm morphology of rats, and to provide a reference to the relevant study.MethodMale adult SD rats were selected andT. wilfordiipolyglycosides 30 mg / ( kg· d) was intragastrically administered. After 4 and 8 weeks of administration, the epididymal sperm of the rats were taken respectively. After Diff-Quik staining, sperm morphology analyzed under light microscope.Result(1) Using the Diff-Quik staining method to stain rats sperm, it was simple, fast, well colored and clear. ( 2) Rat sperm is clearly distinguishable from human sperm, such as ①The normal rate of sperm morphology was high and the deformity rate was low. ②The head of the rat sperm was curved and sickle-shaped, and similar to surgical sutures with needles. ③ The main segment of rat sperms was significantly longer than human. (3) Deformed sperm morphology ofT. wilfordiimodel rats were no hook, folded head, small head, no head, neck fracture, no tail, tail curl and tail fracture,and the most common types were headless and tailless. (4) The rat sperm deformity rate increased after gavage ofT. wilfordiipolyglycoside tablets after 4 weeks, and compared with the blank group, the difference was statistically significant (P= 0. 00 < 0. 01) . Compared with the blank and the 4-week groups, the deformity rate of rats in the 8 - week group increased, the differences was statistically significant (P= 0. 00<0. 01) .Conclusion( 1) Diff-Quik staining could be used as a staining method for rat sperms. (2) Rat sperm of rats or human were quite different. ( 3) Gavage ofT. wilfordii polyglycoside could cause various types of sperm deformities in the head, middle and main segments of rat sperms, and the sperm deformation rate was significantly increased. It could be used as an animal model of teratozoospermia.



Establishment of Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy Rat Model 

ZHU Xiaoyan, LIU Qin, BAI Huiling, JIN Tao, ZHANG Shu, ZHANG Yanying, KANG Wanrong

2022, 39(1):  28. 

Asbtract ( 136 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To establish a rat model of type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Method Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The blank control group ( n = 40) was fed ordinary diet and the type 2 diabetes group ( n = 40) was fed high-fat and high-sugar diet for 4 weeks with 30 mg / kg streptozotocin ( STZ) intraperitoneal injection. General condition, body weight, random blood glucose, fasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin ( FINS) were measured weekly after STZ injection and HOMA-IR was calculated and analyzed. At the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th months after blood glucose stabilization, 10 rats from each group were anesthetized and pupil dilated and underwent fundus fluorescein angiography and pathological morphology examination to observe the retinal changes of type 2 diabetic rats. Result At the 1st week after STZ injection, rats in the type 2 diabetes( T2DM) group showed diabetes symptoms of polydipsia, polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss. With the progress of disease course, the general condition, body weight, random blood glucose and HOMA-IR of rats in the T2DM group and the blank control group were significantly changed, and the differences were statistically significant. Fundus fluorescein angiography was performed in the type 2 diabetic rats at 3 months: fundus was clear, retinal vessels were tortuous, microaneurysms and a small amount of spotty strong fluorescein were observed; pathological morphological changes: the cells in each layer were disordered, with dilated blood vessels in the ganglion cell layer, and the number of cells in the inner and outer nuclear layers was reduced and sparsely arranged. With the prolongation of the course of disease, fundus fluorescein angiography and pathological changes gradually became more serious at the 4, 5 and 6 months. Conclusion A rat model of type 2 diabetic retinopathy was established, which provides an ideal laboratory animal model for pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics.



Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Induced by Multi-factors 

MENG Xue, JIA Pu, ZHENG Xiaohui, WANG Shixiang, LUO Jing

2022, 39(1):  34. 

Asbtract ( 116 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To establish the Alzheimer’ s disease ( AD) rats model induced by multi-factors. Method Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into the control group and the model group, with 10 rats in each group. To build the AD models, D-galactose ( 60 mg / kg) was injected intra-abdominally, meanwhile, aluminium chloride (100 mg / kg) was hypodermically injected for 45 days. The learning and memory abilities of model rats were assessed using Morris water maze test. The level of acetyl cholinesteraseinin rat brain tissue was also measured. Result In the Morris water maze test, compared with the control group, the escape latency of the rat in the model group was significantly prolonged ( P<0. 01) , through the time and distance in target area was obviously increased, the number of active explorations through the platform was significantly reduced ( P < 0. 01 ) . The acetyl cholinesterase levels in brain tissue were increased significantly ( P < 0. 01) . Conclusion A complicated AD rat model was successfully established by combined intervention of D-galactose and aluminium chloride.





Preliminary Study on Biological Characteristics of Umbilical Hernia Rats 

SUN Tianqi, ZHANG Rui, CHEN Jingqing, QIN Tongtong, TANG Yuling, REN Yanling, QIU Yefeng

2022, 39(1):  38. 

Asbtract ( 117 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract:Objective To observe the phenotypes and biological characteristics of the umbilical hernia ( UH) rat model. Method The spontaneous UH rat model was inbred by the whole sibling mating method, and the heritable UH rat model was established. Biological characteristics, such as phenotypic characteristic, growth curve, organ coefficient, blood routine examination items and blood biochemical indices, were observed and compared with SD rats. Result The incidence of umbilical hernia in cultivated UH rats maintained 100%, and the appearance, anatomy and pathology features were obvious. Male body weight was lower than that of SD rats at the same age from week 4, but there was no significant difference in female body weight. The spleen of UH rats was larger at the same age. Some blood routine examination items and blood biochemical indices were significantly different from those of SD rats. Conclusion Heritable UH rats have clear phenotypic characteristics and different biological characteristics from SD rats, which is expected to be a good animal model for studying the pathogenesis and susceptibility genes of umbilical hernia.



Effects of Benzoylpaeoniflorin on Cardiac Function in Rats with Myocardial Infarction via Promoting Nrf2 / HO-1 Pathway 

YU Li, WU Yang

2022, 39(1):  44. 

Asbtract ( 102 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of benzoylpaeoniflorin on cardiac function in rats with acute myocardial infarction ( AMI) through Nrf2 / HO-1 pathway. Method Thirty six SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, the AMI group and the AMI +BA group. Rats in the AMI group and the AMI + BA group were established as AMI models. After modelling, rats in the AMI + BA group were given gavage with BA at the dose of 170 mg / kg. The electrocardiogram and myocardial enzymes creatine kinase MB ( CK-MB ) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) of rats in each group were detected. Echocardiography detects cardiac function. HE staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect tissue damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect protein levels in Nrf2 / HO-1 pathway. Result The levels of LVEF and ( ±dp / dtmax) in the AMI group were significantly lower than those in the sham group ( P < 0. 05) . The levels of LVEF and ( ± dp / dtmax) in the AMI+BA group were significantly higher than those in the AMI group ( P < 0. 05) . CK-MB and LDH in the sham group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0. 05) . CK-MB and LDH in AMI + BA group were significantly lower than those in the AMI group ( P < 0. 05) . The apoptosis rate in the AMI group ( 13. 08 ±1. 23) % was significantly higher than that in the sham group ( 1. 14 ± 0. 10 ) %, P < 0. 05. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate (6. 43±0. 78) % in the AMI + BA group was significantly lower than that in the AMI group,P<0. 05. Compared with the sham group, the levels of Nrf2 / HO-1 in the AMI group were significantly reduced,P<0. 05. The levels of Nrf2 / HO-1 in the AMI + BA group were significantly higher than those in the AMI group, P<0. 05. Conclusion BA inhibits myocardial cell apoptosis in AMI model rats by promoting the Nrf2 / HO-1 pathway and plays a role in protecting heart function.



Study on Vascular Pathological Changes in PICC Intravenous Chemotherapy Animal Model in Rabbits 

HUANG Liquan, CHEN Guiyuan, HU Qinghua, HU Bo, FANG Luyan

2022, 39(1):  49. 

Asbtract ( 105 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To explore the damage and pathological changes of peripherally inserted central catheter ( PICC) chemotherapeutic drugs to catheterized vein, and to provide reliable experimental basis for the study of the pathogenesis of chemotherapeutic vein injury and the effective prevention plan. Method Forty-eight laboratory rabbits were divided into 8 groups according to the random number table method : day 1 ( the control group) , day 2, day 3, day 7, day 14, day 21, day 23 and day 24. Successfully established in the PICC laboratory rabbit model, vinorelbine injection ( dose 25 mg / m2) was injected once on the day 2 and day 23 after the catheterization, and blood samples were taken at the above 8 time points to test the coagulation indexes and immune indexes. To observe and compare the venous injury in different parts of the 8 groups of laboratory rabbits under light microscope, as well as the dynamic changes of CRP, E-Selectin, P-Selectin, IL-2, IL-6, PLT, PT, D-dimer and other indicators. Result The auricular vein catheterization and the use of chemotherapy drugs showed scar formation on day 1 ( the control group) , a small amount of thrombosis on day 2 ( first injection of vinorelbine) , no thrombosis on day 3, scar formation on day 7 and there was a small amount of thrombosis on day 14, no scar and no thrombosis on day 21, scar formation on day 23 ( reinjection of vinorelbine) , and no scar and no thrombosis on day 24. The anterior vena cava was continuously infiltrated with inflammatory cells of varying degrees. CRP, Eselectin, P-selectin, IL-6 values increased, IL-2 decreased, PLT decreased, PT shortened and D-dimer prolonged. With the extension of chemotherapy interval, venous thrombosis and phlebitis improved significantly. There was significant difference between the control group and the other seven groups ( P < 0. 01) . Conclusion Phlebitis occurred within 24 hours of PICC catheterization. Vascular injury and venous thrombosis were aggravated after the injection of vinorelbine injection. However, the damaged blood vessels were obviously improved after the intermittent period of chemotherapy.



Study on the Method of Detecting Blood Lipid in Mice by Automatic Biochemical Analyzer 

LI Dandan, CHEN Xun, MEI Jun , ZHOU Qingbing, XU Fengqin

2022, 39(1):  55. 

Asbtract ( 268 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective This paper intends to establish an automatic biochemical analyzer to detect the blood lipid of Apo E- / - mice fed with high-fat diet, so as to provide an accurate and reliable evaluation method for the follow-up anti AS research. Method Apo E- / - mice were fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected from orbital venous plexus to prepare serum for testing. After diluted with normal saline for 4, 6, 8 and 10 times, four items of blood lipid were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Result After 6 weeks of high-fat diet, the cholesterol content in the serum of mice was too high and needed to be diluted to obtain accurate data. Through dilution measurement and repeated measurement experiments, it is recommended to use 8-fold dilution as the best dilution condition for detecting serum lipid content. Conclusion The automatic biochemical analyzer needs to properly dilute the serum to determine the blood lipids of mice. The method is simple and feasible, and the data is true and reliable.



Introduction of a New Method of Intra-articular Injection in Rabbit Hip Joint 

ZHANG Xin, LI Zhigang, SHEN Yiwei, XU Xilin, LIU Zhao, ZHANG Xiaofeng

2022, 39(1):  60. 

Asbtract ( 204 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract:Rabbit is a commonly used experimental animal model for necrosis of the femoral head, but there is currently a lack of feasible and standardized injection methods for rabbit hip joint injection. Different from the traditional groin approach, this study was based on animal experiments. According to the anatomical characteristics of rabbits, this study retracted the hip joint to extend the joint space, accurately positioned, and explored a new method of injection and administration in the hip joint cavity of rabbits from the dorsal approach to avoid nerves and blood vessels. The result showed that this method was simple and convenient, and the drug can be smoothly injected into the rabbit hip joint cavity in strict accordance with the operation steps, with high safety and feasibility. This study provides a feasible and standardized operation process for rabbit hip joint injection in animal experiment, and the technical reference for the development of animal experiment.



Statistical Analysis of Reproductive Toxicity Characteristic Indicators 

ZHANG Yanhua, SUN Chao, MA Hui, TANG Liansheng

2022, 39(1):  65. 

Asbtract ( 151 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract:The amount of data produced by the reproductive toxicity study is large, and there are many types of data, so it is particularly important to process the data. This paper described the various types of indicators and the indicators were divided into 4 categories. The study also discussed the analysis method of the reproductive toxicity study data according to the characteristics and distribution of data and the advantages and disadvantages of the analysis method, especially the analysis of the litter data with litter effects. The maternal data generated by the reproductive toxicity study can be analyzed by existing statistical method, but these conventional statistical analysis method did not take the litter effect and the litter size into account. So this study provided some models which were suitable for the data of litter effect such as random effects logistic regression models, generalized estimating equations, multi-level models. The analysis method which the paper provided were simple and scientific for the reproductive toxicity study data.



Study on the Antipyretic Effects of Ganmaoshuangjie Granules 

CHEN Liang, XU Xiaoqin, GUO Yudong, MAI Dina, HAJIAKBER· Aisa

2022, 39(1):  70. 

Asbtract ( 221 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: Objective To study the antipyretic effects of Ganmaoshuangjie granules. Method Rat dry yeast model and rabbit bacterial endotoxin model were used, high, medium and low doses compound of Ganmaoshuangjie granules were given. To observe the effect of cold biolysis granules on the body temperature of febrile model, the intensity of heat release was investigated. Result The high dosage group ( 1. 7 g extract powder / kg ) of Ganmaoshuangjie granules was able to significantly inhibit the elevated temperature of the dry yeast model, and cooling rate of about 0. 7 ℃ . However, the effect of the dose group on the hypothermia of bacterial endotoxin model was not obvious. Conclusion The Ganmaoshuangjie granules has a certain thermal effect on the temperature rise caused by ulceration and so on.



Research Progress in Animal Models of Sarcopenia 

LI Hanxiao, JI Xiaoyan, ZHANG Xinyi , YANG Yanni, LIU Xifang

2022, 39(1):  74. 

Asbtract ( 725 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract:Sarcopenia, as a progressive and systemic skeletal muscle disease related to aging which seriously affects the quality of life, and becomes a key clinical problem to be solved urgently. An appropriate animal model of sarcopenia is important for the research about the mechanism and treatment of sarcopenia. The animal models of sarcopenia mainly include the high-fat diet feeding animal model, the hind limb unloading animal models, the gene knockout animal model, the spontaneous animal models, etc. among which high-fat diet feeding animal models are studied and applied more frequently, and the commonly used laboratory animals are rats and mice. At present, no animal model can fully demonstrate the clinical and pathological features of sarcopenia similar to human. With the development of medical technology, a more reasonable animal model of sarcopenia is expected to be copied.



Harm and Control Measures of Corynebacterium bovis Infection in Laboratory Animals 

CHEN Xi, YIN Lianghong, ZHENG Tianwei, YIN Yue, ZHANG Meng, GONG Shiling, ZHOU Qian, LUO Liping, LIU Teng, ZHOU Yi, TIAN Jun, HAN Xue

2022, 39(1):  78. 

Asbtract ( 435 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract:The article summarize the research about epizootiologic features, clinical symptoms, diagnostic method and recycling an animal room infected by Corynebacterium bovis. According to the characteristics of feeding and management of rodents, it recommend an effective method for recycling an ineected barrier room and a preventive control measures for SPF level facility. Once the animal facility is detected C. bovis, it is recommend that all animals in this room should be euthanasia and sterilize the room with hydrogen peroxide as quickly as possible. Treatment of animals infected with C. bovis is not recommended. In addition, preventive measures against C. bovis infection are important, and should pay extra attention to control exotic animals and pre-use testing of transplantation and cell line in order to elininate C. bovis during tumor tissue transplantation. It is hoped that providing a reference method for prevent and control C. bovis.