Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare the differences between different method used in previous studies to establish rat fracture models and the stability of the models, and to evaluate the scientific nature and reliability of the improved method for establishing rat osteotomy models, so as to provide a reliable method for establishing animal models for fracture research. Method According to different modeling method, the rats were divided into closed fracture model group and open fracture model group. In the closed fracture model group, the middle femur fracture was established by self-made closed fracture modeling instrument. The weight was 500 g, and the falling height was 22, 26 and 30 cm respectively. In the open fracture model group, transverse or short oblique fractures of the middle femur were made by operation. In the simple Kirschner wire fixation group, different types of Kirschner wires were used for intramedullary fixation. In the Kirschner wire plus wire fixation group, on the basis of intramedullary fixation with Kirschner wire, the two fracture ends were pulled and fixed with absorbable wire. Result In the closed fracture model group, the falling height of weights was 22, 26 and 30 cm, and the success rate was 33%, 50% and 17% respectively. In the open fracture model group, 1. 2 mm Kirschner wire internal fixation was better than 0. 8 and 1. 0 mm Kirschner wire internal fixation. The fracture ends in the Kirschner wire plus thread fixation group were more stable than those in the simple Kirschner wire fixation group. HE staining result showed that the fixation of Kirschner wire plus thread group was stable, the fracture healing was good, and there was no adverse effect of absorbable line on it. Conclusion The open fracture model is easier to control the fracture type and ensure the homogeneity of the experimental objects than the closed fracture model. The fixation effect of Kirschner wire plus thread fixation group is more stable than that of simple Kirschner wire fixation group, which can avoid nonunion or delayed union of fracture due to unstable fixation of fracture ends,Resulting in sample shedding and deviation of experimental result due to loose fixation, which ensures the homogeneity of experimental objects and reduces random error.

Key words: fracture model, rats, closed fracture, open fracture

摘要： 目的 本研究旨在通过综合比较本课题组既往研究中建立大鼠骨折模型的不同方法之间的差异性及模型的稳定性,并评价改良后大鼠截骨模型建立方法的科学性及可靠性,为骨折研究提供可靠的动物模型建立方法。方法 根据不同造模方式将大鼠分为闭合性骨折模型组以及开放性骨折模型组,闭合性骨折模型组通过自制闭合性骨折造模仪建立股骨中段骨折,砝码 500 g,下落高度分别为 22、26、30 cm。 开放性骨折模型组通过手术制造大鼠股骨中段横形或短斜形骨折,其中单纯克氏针固定组采用不同型号克氏针进行髓内固定,克氏针加线固定组在克氏针进行髓内固定的基础上,使用可吸收线将两骨折断端进行牵拉固定。 结果 闭合性骨折模型组中砝码下落高度为 22、26、30 cm,造模成功率依次为 33%、50%、17%。 开放性骨折模型组中使用 1. 2 mm 克氏针内固定其骨折断端的稳定性明显优于 0. 8 和 1. 0 mm 克氏针内固定。 克氏针加线固定组相比于单纯克氏针固定组骨折断端更稳定。 HE 染色结果显示克氏针加线固定组其固定稳定,骨折愈合良好且未见可吸收线对其产生不良影响。 结论 开放性骨折模型较闭合性骨折模型更容易控制骨折类型,保证实验对象的同质性。 克氏针加线固定组较单纯克氏针固定组固定效果更稳定,可以避免因骨折断端固定不牢造成骨折不愈合甚至延迟愈合,进而导致样本脱落以及因固定不牢造成的实验结果偏差,确保了实验对象的同质性并降低了随机误差。

关键词: 骨折模型, 大鼠, 闭合性骨折, 开放性骨折