Abstract: Abstract: Animal models play a critical role in our understanding biomedicine sciences． The shortage of ideal animal models always limited our research in certain pathogen infection diseases such as HIV infection． Due to the species difference，some drugs and vaccines work well in certain animals but are not applicable for humans． Transplantation of fetal human thymus tissue，hematopoietic stem cells or immune cells into immune deficient mice will significantly establish human immunity． These humanized mouse models offered ideal models for studies on human immune system and immune-related diseases，and screening medicine and vaccines． The present paper will briefly introduce these humanized mouse models and their application．

Key words:  humanized mice with human immunity, HIV infection, malaria, immune deficient mice, thymus

摘要： 摘要: 实验动物模型在医学生命科学发展中发挥着重要作用。某些病原微生物仅仅特异对人类具有易感性及致病 性。由于缺乏理想的实验动物模型限制了人们对疾病发病机理的理解及预防治疗。因动物种属差异，许多对小鼠 有效的药物及疫苗不能有效地用于人类疾病的治疗或预防。通过将人的胚胎胸腺、造血干细胞等移植到免疫缺陷 小鼠可有效地建立人类天然与适应性免疫系统，即免疫系统人源化小鼠。该小鼠的成功建立为免疫系统相关疾病 研究及免疫药物研发提供了良好实验模型。本文主要对免疫系统人源化小鼠模型的建立、发展及其在感染等研究 中的应用进行简要综述。

关键词: 免疫系统人源化小鼠, HIV 感染, 疟疾, 免疫缺陷小鼠, 胸腺