Table of Content

28 April 2025, Volume 42 Issue 2

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Establishment and Evaluation of Model in Myodes Rufocanus Induced by High-fat Diet

ZHANG Xiwen , ZHANG Qing , HE Jialei , WANG Liang , YUAN Bao, CHEN Jian , REN Wenzhi , DING Yu

2025, 42(2):  1-8.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 001

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Objective To construct a high-fat diet-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) model for Myodes rufocanus, so as to provide a new and reliable animal model for the study of MAFLD. Methods Forty male Myodes rufocanus were randomly divided into two groups and fed normal feed ( control group, NCD) and high-fat feed ( high-fat group, HFD) , respectively. Body weight, blood biochemistry, pathological sections and related gene expression levels were detected in each group at week 8 and week 16 after their death. Result In the high-fat group, Myodes rufocanus were gradually obese, depressed, slow-moving, and had a significantly higher body mass, the liver was enlarged in size, blunted at the edges, and yellowed in color, with a significant increase in the hepatic index, ALT, AST, TG, TC, and LDL-C were significantly higher, and HDL-C was significantly lower, liver sections showed steatosis and deposition. In addition, hepatocytes were filled with lipid droplets and infiltrated with inflammatory cells, with a significant increase in NAS score, the expression levels of lipid synthesis genes ( FASN, SREBF1, ACACA) , inflammation-related genes ( IL-6, TNF-α) , and fibrosis-related genes (α-SMA, TGF-β ) were significantly elevated. Conclusion A successful high-fat diet-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) model in Myodes rufocanus has been established, which provides a research basis for relevant studies thereafter.

Test and Analysis of the Main Biological Characteristics of Commercial Immunodeficient Rats in China

LU Jing , WANG Yan , XIA Xiran, LIU Jing, ZHANG Suyin, DU Xiaoyan, ZHAN Dawei , LI Changlong , CHEN Zhenwen

2025, 42(2):  9-20.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 002

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Objective The study aimed to detect and analyze the main biological characteristics of domestic commercial immunodeficient rats, including the percentage of blood lymphocyte subsets, histology of immune organs, organ coefficients, and blood physiological indexes. Method Six strains of immunodeficient rats of three categories commercially available in China were selected, as well as corresponding control with the same genetic background. The blood physiological indexes, blood lymphocyte subsets, organ coefficients of major immune organs, and histological features were detected and compared. Result ( 1) The thymus coefficient and histological features of T lymphocyte-deficient rats showed significant differences compared to the control group (P<0. 01) . The levels of WBC (white blood cells) , LYMPH ( lymphocytes) , LYMPH% ( lymphocyte percentage) , as well as the proportions of T cell, were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0. 01) . In contrast, the levels of NEUT ( neutrophils) , NEUT% ( neutrophil percentage) , the proportions of B cell, and the proportions of NK ( natural killer) cell were higher than those in the control group ( P<0. 01) . Significant differences (P<0. 01) were also observed in the spleen coefficient, WBC, LYMPH, LYMPH%, NEUT%, and the proportions of B cell among immunodeficient rats from different manufacturers. (2) The spleen coefficient and thymus coefficient of rats with combined T and B lymphocyte deficiency, as well as their histological features, showed significant differences compared to the control group ( P<0. 01) . The levels of WBC, LYMPH, NEUT %, the proportions of T cell, and the proportions of B cell were all significantly lower than those in the normal control group (P<0. 01) . In contrast, the percentages of MONO (monocytes) , NEUT, NEUT %, and the proportions of NK cell were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 01) . (3) The spleen coefficient and thymus coefficient of rats with combined T, B, and NK cell deficiency were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01) . The levels of WBC, LYMPH, LYMPH % as well as the proportions of T cell and B cell, were all significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0. 01) . The percentages of NEUT and MONO were higher than those of the control group (P<0. 01) . Significant differences were observed in the LYMPH %, NEUT%, and MONO% among rats with combined T, B, and NK cell deficiency from different manufacturers ( P < 0. 01) . Conclusion The immune cell counts, histology of immune organs, and hematology indexes of 6 strains animals generally conform to the main biological characteristics of immunodeficient rats. However, certain lymphocyte subsets, blood physiological indexes, and organ coefficients are various in immunodeficient rats of the same strain from different manufacturers. The present study provides an important basis for establishment of criteria and application of standardized management for immunodeficient rats.

Activation of NOD1 Signaling by Diaminopimelic Acid in Mouse Primary Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

CHEN Mingfa , XIE Qiong , DU Zhan, LUO Jie, WU Jun , YANG Dongliang, SUN Shuilin

2025, 42(2):  21-25.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 003

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Objective To investigate the effects of the immune response mediated by NOD1 receptor in liver sinusoidal cells ( LSECs ) of mice. Method Firstly, We used the method of the collagenase perfusion, percoll density gradient centrifugation and anti-LSEC MicroBeads separation and purification to obtain the high purity LSECs. The constitutive expression of NOD1 in LSEC was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Then the LSECs were stimulated with the diaminopimelic acid ( C12-ieDAP ) , the cells and cell supernatant were collected for 6 hours and 20 hours. Total RNA was isolated from LSECs for detecting the mRNA of NOD1, RIP2, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, CXCL-9, CXCL-10, CCL-2 and CCL-5 by qRT-PCR. The cytokines ( IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 ) in the cells supernatant were detected by quantitative ELISA. Result Our data showed that NOD1 mRNA was highly expressed at baseline in primary LSEC, and that the activation of LSEC by the NOD1 ligand C12-ieDAP could induce up-regulation of NOD1 mRNA and its connector RIP2 mRNA. The mRNA levels of cytokines IL-6 and chemokines CXCL-1, CXCL-2, CXCL-9, CCL-2 and CCL-5 were up-regulated. Stimulation of NOD1 ligand C12-ieDAP with the concentration of 10 μg / mL induced the production of IFN-γ and IL-6 effector molecules, but not other cytokines. Conclusion In conclusion, NOD1 was functionally expressed in LSEC, could be activated by its ligand, and mediated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway to produce IL-6 and IFN-γ effector molecules as well as a series of cellular inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Model Construction and Dynamic Observation of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Rats

LI Weiwei , WANG Zixiang, SU Chenguang, LI Zixin , WANG Jianli , FU Shijie , LIU Jinlong

2025, 42(2):  26-31.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 004

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Objective This study aimed to construct a stable portal vein thrombosis ( PVT) model based on different factors of thrombosis, and to observe the organized evolution of PVT dynamically. Method One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, the blood flow was interrupted by microvascular clamp, which caused the blood stasis in the portal vein. In group B, only anhydrous alcohol was used to destroy vascular intima. Group C combined the above two methods to prepare PVT. The formation of PVT after the modeling was observed by macroscopic observation and vascular ultrasound. The evolution of thrombus at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the modeling was observed by H&E staining dynamically. Result There was no obvious thrombosis in group A with simple blood stasis. Compared with group B with simple endothelial injury, group C with blood stasis combined with endothelial injury could form more stable PVT, and half of the thrombus remained at 7 days after surgery. H&E staining revealed the gradual organization of the thrombus over time, and the thrombus was basically recanalized 5 to 7 days after surgery. Some of the portal vein wall fibrosis and thickening lesions were observed and extended into the portal vein lumen. Conclusion The method of interrupting the portal blood flow and destroying the portal vein intima by anhydrous alcohol can be used to construct the PVT model in rats stably, simply and in line with clinical characteristics. During the process of thrombosis from formation to organization and recanalization, some portal vein walls thickened and became fibrosis, resulting in partial portal vein stenosis. 

A Model Suitable for Repairing Bone Defect with Degradable Materials

WEI Zhenlong, LI Xing, GAO Yuhai, LI Yuanchang, SHEN Dongshuai, CHEN Keming

2025, 42(2):  32-37.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 005

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Objective To develop a bone defect model suitable for loading degradable materials. Method A rat femoral midshaft segmental bone defect model was established. Subcutaneous superficial fascia ( 1 cm×2 cm) was harvested from the surgical site, and a 1. 2 mm-diameter bone traction pin was used to fix the femur. A 4-mm-long segment of half-bone tissue was excised from the midshaft to create the bone defect model. The defect area was wrapped and sutured with the superficial fascia, followed by layered suturing of the muscle and skin. The experiment was divided into three groups: ( 1) the blank control group, which received no fascial wrapping; ( 2) the inactivated fascia group, in which the defect area was wrapped with superficial fascia inactivated by 70% ethanol for 10 min; ( 3 ) the fascia-wrapped group, in which the defect area was wrapped with fresh superficial fascia. Result Compared with the blank control group, both the inactivated fascia group and the fascia-wrapped group showed significantly accelerated bone defect healing. The X-ray scores were significantly higher in the inactivated fascia group and the fascia-wrapped group than in the blank control group (P<0. 05) , and the percentage of healing area was significantly higher than that in the blank control group ( P<0. 01) . The fascia-wrapped group exhibited the best healing effect. Conclusion The improved bone defect model significantly enhances bone defect healing and shortens the healing time, providing a more suitable animal model for loading degradable materials.

Rotarod Behavioral Evaluation of Metadoxine’ s Therapeutic Effect on Acute Alcohol Intoxication in Mice

CHEN Yue, SU Dan , LUO Feng , ZHANG Min, YANG Diyuan, XU Yuwei, GUI Wenjuan , SUN Xiaorong

2025, 42(2):  38-43.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 006

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Objective To investigate the value of rotarod test in treating acute alcoholism and the efficacy of metadoxine in acute alcoholism mice. Method Thirty male C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model control group, and metadoxine treatment group [ 0. 3 mg / 10 ( g· bw) ] . After oral administration of metadoxine or saline, mice were given 0. 15 mL / 10 ( g· bw) of 56° Erguotou for one hour. The timeframe of intoxication and recovery from intoxication in mice were documented. 6 hours after alcohol administration, rotarod tests were conducted, blood was collected to measure the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , and triglyceride ( TG) in mice. Additionally, the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase ( ADH ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and catalase ( CAT) , malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver were measured, and hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) staining was used to observe histopathology changes in the liver tissue. Result Following alcohol gavage, the model control group demonstrated a shorter period of intoxication and a longer period of sobriety. The rotarod behavior test revealed that the rod rotation time was significantly shortened, the rotational speed was reduced upon falling, and the number of rod laps was reduced. Additionally, serum AST, ALT, and TG were significantly elevated, the activity of liver ADH and SOD were significantly decreased, and MDA content was significantly increased; all of which were significantly different than the normal control group ( P < 0. 01) . Histological analysis via HE staining showed necrosis and congestion in the liver. In comparison to the control group, metadoxine treatment group mice exhibited a longer period of intoxication, a quicker rate of sobriety, a higher rotational speed during rotarod test, and a significantly heightened serum AST, ALT, TG, and liver ADH. MDA levels were decreased and the differences were highly statistically significant. The HE staining indicated that the liver lesions showed regional characteristics. The degree of liver cell damage was significantly reduced compared to the control group, and no obvious lesions were observed in some liver areas. Conclusion Rotarod test can be employed to assess acute alcoholism in mice, and metadoxine has been found to provide a protective effect against acute alcohol intoxication. 

Use of 16S rRNA High-throughput Sequencing for Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiome in Different Type 2 Diabetic Rats

LIU Jun, QI Yanyong, GUO Chao , GAO Wei, NIU Miaomiao

2025, 42(2):  44-51.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 007

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Objective To compare the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) established by SD and GK rats, and to provide some basic data for further application of the two models in the study of T2DM-related Gut microbiota. Method Forty 8-week old SPF male rats were divided into GK group ( n = 20) , SD group ( n = 20) , respectively. The SD groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg / kg of STZ once a day and were fed a high-fat diet, while the diabetic symptoms of GK group rats were induced by high fat diet for 4 weeks, fasting blood glucose ≥ 11. 1 mmol / L was considered as the successful model of T2DM in the two groups. After 6 weeks of modeling, 10 fecal samples were collected from each group of 10 rats, and 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region was sequenced, the Alpha diversity, Beta diversity, dominant genus and the functional pathways related to gut microbiota in fecal were analyzed. Result There was no difference in alpha diversity and richness between GK and SD T2DM rats, and beta diversity was significantly different in the two groups ( all P< 0. 05) . The dominant genera of T2DM rats in GK group were Lactobacillus, Clostridia _ UCG-014 _ unclassified, Muribaculaceae_ unclassified, Akkermansia and Ruminococcus. And the dominant genera of T2DM rats in SD group were Allobaculum, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae _ NK4A136 _ group, Streptococcus, Ruminococcus, UCG-005 and Ligilactobacillus. The proportion of the same dominant bacterial genus was a significant difference between the two groups. The functional pathways of the gut microbiome of T2DM rats in the two groups were concentrated in the metabolic pathways with amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and lipid metabolism. Conclusion There was no difference in alpha diversity of gut microbiome between GK and SD groups of T2DM rats, but the composition and proportion of gut microbiome were significantly different. The composition proportion of the dominant gut microbiome was changed in the different models.

Improvement and Preliminary Exploration of Respiratory Motor Regulation Experiment

HAN Yanfang , LIANG Xue, ZHAO Yuming, TONG Xuehong, LI Lisheng

2025, 42(2):  52-57.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 008

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Objective This study aimed to improve the experimental setup for investigating factors influencing respiratory motor regulation. The objective was to achieve real-time synchronous recording of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragmatic muscle discharge, and respiratory movement in rabbits, and to calculate the time difference between phrenic nerve discharge and diaphragmatic muscle discharge (ΔT1) , as well as the time difference between diaphragmatic muscle discharge and the start of the respiratory curve ( ΔT2 ) . Method The phrenic nerve and diaphragmatic muscle of rabbits were isolated, and tracheal intubation was performed. The BL-420I information-integrated signal acquisition and processing system was used to simultaneously record the curves of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragmatic muscle discharge, and respiratory movements under normal physiological state and different interventions ( increasing the null lumen, increasing the concentration of CO2 , intravenous injection of lactic acid solution at the ear margin, cutting the vagus nerve and stimulating the vagus nerve at the central end) . ΔT1 and ΔT2 were calculated, and 30 respiratory cycles were statistically analyzed. Result The synchronization curves of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragmatic discharge and respiratory movement were recorded simultaneously under normal physiological state and various intervention conditions by applying BL-420I. Under normal physiological state, ΔT1 = ( 32. 95±5. 34) ms, ΔT2 = ( 0. 366±0. 028) s; after increasing the null lumen, ΔT1 = (28. 63±5. 72)ms, ΔT2 = (0. 295±0. 020) s; after inhalation of CO2 , ΔT1 = ( 20. 72 ± 5. 51) ms,ΔT2 = ( 0. 250 ± 0. 016 ) s; After intravenous injection of lactate, the ΔT1 = ( 27. 76 ± 8. 90) ms, ΔT2 = (0. 317± 0. 013 ) s; compared with the normal conditions, all three intervention conditions showed significant difference ( P < 0. 01 ) , indicating statistical significance. Conclusion The method of real-time synchronous recording of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragm discharge and respiratory movement in rabbits was successfully established, and the calculation method for ΔT was determined, which is beneficial for students’ better understanding of the regulatory role of the respiratory center in respiratory movements. Objective This study aimed to improve the experimental setup for investigating factors influencing respiratory motor regulation. The objective was to achieve real-time synchronous recording of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragmatic muscle discharge, and respiratory movement in rabbits, and to calculate the time difference between phrenic nerve discharge and diaphragmatic muscle discharge (ΔT1) , as well as the time difference between diaphragmatic muscle discharge and the start of the respiratory curve ( ΔT2 ) . Method The phrenic nerve and diaphragmatic muscle of rabbits were isolated, and tracheal intubation was performed. The BL-420I information-integrated signal acquisition and processing system was used to simultaneously record the curves of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragmatic muscle discharge, and respiratory movements under normal physiological state and different interventions ( increasing the null lumen, increasing the concentration of CO2 , intravenous injection of lactic acid solution at the ear margin, cutting the vagus nerve and stimulating the vagus nerve at the central end) . ΔT1 and ΔT2 were calculated, and 30 respiratory cycles were statistically analyzed. Result The synchronization curves of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragmatic discharge and respiratory movement were recorded simultaneously under normal physiological state and various intervention conditions by applying BL-420I. Under normal physiological state, ΔT1 = ( 32. 95±5. 34) ms, ΔT2 = ( 0. 366±0. 028) s; after increasing the null lumen, ΔT1 = (28. 63±5. 72)ms, ΔT2 = (0. 295±0. 020) s; after inhalation of CO2 , ΔT1 = ( 20. 72 ± 5. 51) ms,ΔT2 = ( 0. 250 ± 0. 016 ) s; After intravenous injection of lactate, the ΔT1 = ( 27. 76 ± 8. 90) ms, ΔT2 = (0. 317± 0. 013 ) s; compared with the normal conditions, all three intervention conditions showed significant difference ( P < 0. 01 ) , indicating statistical significance. Conclusion The method of real-time synchronous recording of phrenic nerve discharge, diaphragm discharge and respiratory movement in rabbits was successfully established, and the calculation method for ΔT was determined, which is beneficial for students’ better understanding of the regulatory role of the respiratory center in respiratory movements. 

Establishment and Application of Three Genotyping Methods for Immunodeficient Mice

DONG Hao, ZHANG Leying, LIU Wenxia, FENG Bin, SUN Xiaowei, DONG Qinghua, ZUO Qin

2025, 42(2):  58-62.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 009

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Objective To establish three genotyping methods for immunodeficient mice. Method According to the genotype identification sequences of three immunodeficient mice, B6. Cg-Foxn1 nu / J, B6. Cg-Prkdc scid / SzJ, and C57BL / 6J-Lyst bg-J / J, provided on The Jackson Laboratory website, primers were designed and PCR reaction programs were optimized to establish PCR detection methods for corresponding spontaneously mutated genes. I n addition, the above corresponding methods were applied to genotype identification of BALB / cAnSlacNifdc-nu, SCID / Nifdc, and C57BL / 6JNifdc-bg mice preserved in the National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center. Result Three simple methods were established using PCR combined with Sanger sequencing to detect spontaneous mutations in Foxn1 nu , Prkdc scid , and Lyst bg-J genes. Furthermore, the corresponding method were used to detect mutation sites in the genomes of three inbred mice strains, including BALB / cAnSlacNifdc-nu, SCID / Nifdc, and C57BL / 6JNifdc-bg, which were preserved in the National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center. The genotyping results of the three mice strains were consistent with the corresponding information published on The Jackson Laboratory website. Conclusion The simple method for genotype identification of immunodeficient mice established in this study are beneficial for controlling and monitoring the genetic quality of immunodeficient mice. 

Effect of Environmental Enrichment on Stress Indicators in Rabbits

LIU Kun, XIE Xiaojie, LAN Qing, WEI Lanxin, YI Bing, LAI Runqiu, XIONG Min, LIU Bin

2025, 42(2):  63-70.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 010

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Objective To explore the impact of environmental enrichment on animal welfare and stress levels, and the effects of different feeding environment enrichment methods ( food, environment, and cultural enrichment) on the healthy growth of animals. Method A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits, half male and half female, were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 pieces in each group. Specifically, negative control group ( group A, single toy, replaced once a week) , control group ( group B, without any environmental enrichment ) , and enrichment group were divided into 4 groups. The replacement frequency of toys in each group was once every 3, 6, 9, and 12 days, represented by group C, D, E, and F, respectively. The experimental period was 3 weeks, and the effects of environmental enrichment frequency on behavior, hematological indicators, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in urine, anti apoptotic protein ( Bcl-2) , Caspase-3 in brain tissue, and related mRNA gene expression in brain tissue of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Result Animal behavioral observations showed that compared with Group B, Group F had a significant difference (P<0. 05) , while Group E had an extremely significant difference ( P < 0. 01) . There were no significant differences in hematological indicators and hormone levels in urine among animals within a period of 3 weeks. The expression of related genes in animal brain tissues showed that compared with group B, there was a significant difference in BDNF gene expression levels among the C, D, and F groups with rich environments ( P < 0. 05 ) . Compared with group B, there was a significant difference in GR gene expression levels in group D ( P < 0. 05 ) , and a significant difference in TH gene expression levels between groups A and B, C, and F (P<0. 05) . Compared with groups B and C, there was a significant difference in TH gene expression levels between groups D and F (P<0. 05) . In addition, there was no difference in the expression levels of POMC and TPH genes among the groups. The expression of anti apoptotic protein ( Bcl-2) in animal brain tissue showed an increasing trend in the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in the brain tissues of groups C, D, E, and F compared to group B. The expression result of Caspase-3 protein showed that compared with Group B, the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein in brain tissues of Groups A, C, D, and E showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion Enhancing environmental and dietary enrichment can, to some extent, improve the stress resistance of rabbits without affecting their hematological parameters. When providing environmental enrichment for experimental rabbits, frequent changes to their environment should be avoided. Under the condition of maintaining toy cleanliness, a toy replacement frequency of every 6 days is optimal, as it enhances neural vitality in rabbits, improves their ability to regulate pain and fear, and increases their sense of security. However, if the toy replacement frequency is too frequent ( e. g. , every 3 days) , it may exacerbate stress in the experimental rabbits. 

Construction of a Dual-fluorescence Rat Model Specifically Labeling Vascular Endothelial Cells Based on the Cre-Loxp System

YAO Yuqing, XUE Zizhuo , ZHANG Yanxin, LI Dekun , WAN Meixu , LI Zhi , YUAN Jing , NIE Yongwei, JU Aichun

2025, 42(2):  71-75.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 011

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Objective To construct a dual-fluorescent rat model specifically labeling vascular endothelial cells using the Cre-Loxp system, in order to study the structure and function of vascular endothelial cells. Method Tek-e ( Cre ) 3 gene knock-in rats, constructed by linking Cre recombinase with a vascular endothelial cell-specific promoter, and Rosa26 knock-in rats expressing the CAG-Loxp-tdTomato3xpolyA-Loxp-EGFP-WPRE-polyA gene were identified and crossed. The offspring rats were genotyped, and their brain and heart tissues were processed into frozen sections for phenotypic observation using a fluorescence microscope. Result Genotyping of the parental rats showed that they were both homozygous. Genotyping of the offspring rats revealed that both genes were expressed in the offspring, which were also homozygous. Under the fluorescence microscope, green fluorescent (EGFP) signals were observed in the vascular regions of the brain and heart tissues of the offspring rats, while other tissues exhibited red fluorescent ( tdTomato) signals, indicating that the Cre-Loxp system successfully expressed the EGFP gene in vascular endothelial cells. Conclusion The dual-fluorescence rat model constructed in this study successfully achieved specific labeling of vascular endothelial cells, providing a powerful tool for studying the structure, function, and related diseases of vascular endothelial cells.

An Improved Experimental Mouse Intrathecal Drug Delivery Operation Table

CUI Yimin , TANG Yani , HE Yifan , MIAO Yuqing, ZHANG Ning, QIAO Haifa , YANG Xiaohang, LIU Qi

2025, 42(2):  76-80.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 012

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In order to facilitate the operation of intrathecal tube, the author and his team designed a kind of operation table device suitable for intrathecal drug administration in experimental mice. The operating table device includes a base, an operating table and an instrument plate, which are connected by a telescopic rod with adjustable height. The operating table includes a position adjustment device for laboratory mice and a mask device for fixed anesthesia maintenance. This platform can realize the catheterization operation of experimental mice of different sizes, save space, keep the operating table clean as far as possible, prevent postoperative infection, and improve the success rate of intrathecal administration of experimental mice.

Analysis of Researchers’ knowledge about Ethical Review of Laboratory Animal Welfare in A Chinese University 

ZHU Shaoping, HU Li , LENG Yang, LI Huawen

2025, 42(2):  81-86.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 013

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Objective To investigate researchers ’ cognition levels and their perception of laboratory animal welfare ethics, providing theoretical basis for improving ethical review mechanisms. Methods A retrospective study was conducted by systematically analyzing 412 “ Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethics Review Application Forms” submitted by applicants to the National Natural Science Foundation from Guangdong Medical University in 2020. The content analysis method was employed to evaluate applicants’ comprehension of the 3R principles ( Replacement, Reduction, Refinement ) and their implementation of welfare technical specifications. Results The study revealed that 60% of applications lacked sufficient justification for the number of experimental animals used, while 32. 2% of projects provided incomplete descriptions of pain management protocols. Notably, only 39. 3% of applicants could accurately elaborate on the selection of humane endpoints in experiments, indicating a systematic cognitive bias in animal welfare ethics standards among researchers. Conclusion It is recommended to establish a more comprehensive ethical review system that emphasizes regular training mechanisms for laboratory animal welfare ethics. The 3R principles should be integrated into researchers’ competency evaluation metrics to promote ethical practices through scientific review, thereby effectively ensuring laboratory animal welfare. 

Research Progress of Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Animal Models

WANG Linli, WANG Rongzhi, JIAO Jingwen, YU Yunfei, ZHAO Jingyi, LI Baolong

2025, 42(2):  87-93.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 014

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Hyperuricemia nephropathy ( HN ) is a secondary kidney injury, mostly caused by the imbalance of uric acid production and excretion,resulting in hyperuricemia ( HUA) and thus triggering HN, whose main manifestations are renal inflammation, renal tubular injury, and renal interstitial fibrosis, which can easily lead to the functional damage of multiple organs if not intervened in a timely manner. As the prevalence of HN increases, the search for efficient and safe treatment options has become an urgent clinical task. However, at this stage, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic method of NH, and a well-recognized animal model has not yet been established. Therefore, in this paper, we systematically sorted out the commonly used model construction method from the aspects of animal selection, modeling method and effect evaluation, and sought to construct an efficient and stable animal model of HN.

Research Progress of RPA Detection Technology in the Pathogen Detection of Waterfowl Infectious Diseases

YANG Jiamei, YU Xiaohang, WANG Yihe, DUAN Ming, ZHAO Lili

2025, 42(2):  94-99.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 015

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Recombinase polymerase amplification ( RPA) is a new type of thermostatic nucleic acid amplification technology widely developed in recent years, which is faster and more efficient, more specific, convenient to operate and shorter reaction time than polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) and other isothermal amplification technologies. This article reviewed the principles of RPA technology, product detection method, and its application in the pathogen detection of waterfowl infectious diseases, to provide reference for the diagnosis, prevention and control of avian diseases in the future.

Research Progress on Animal Model of Atopic Dermatitis

WEI Mengqian, LIU Qirang, YU Song, WANG Yankang, LIU Huan, LUAN Jing

2025, 42(2):  100-104.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 016

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Atopic dermatitis ( AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. the incidence in children is almost to 20%, but now there is no cure for the disease,which seriously affects the healthy growth of infants and the quality of China’ s population. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the cause of AD to further guide the clinical treatment strategies and the development of drug targets. Disease models are the basis of research. Animal disease models can visually present the occurrence and development of AD, which is helpful to study the development law of AD. Because mice are highly homologous to human genome and highly fecund, they are often used as model animals for disease research. In this paper, we summarized the research on AD from CNKI and PubMed databases in recent years, model characteristics and molding methods of these AD mouse models to facilitate AD research.

Potential Effects of Feed and Bedding on Laboratory Animals

YANG Jing

2025, 42(2):  105-112.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 017

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Feed and bedding, as key factors in experimental animal research, have a significant impact on the experimental results, but their standardization has not been paid enough attention for a long time. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the mechanisms of feed texture, processing technology and sterilization methods on nutritional metabolism, intestinal microbiota and physiological indicators of experimental animals, and revealed the reproducibility effected by the type and volume of bedding through thermal regulation, behavioral stress and microbial interference. Based on this, this paper proposes that researchers should consider the influence of these factors when conducting relevant experiments to eliminate controllable variability, and suggests the establishment of a feed and bedding standardization system covering the bioavailability of nutrients and processing parameters, and encourages researchers to disclose relevant parameters in research reports to improve the scientific and reproducibility of related studies.

Research Progress on Gastritis Rat Models

ZHANG Yiliang, SUN Tianqi, WU Wenqing, REN Yanling, WANG Yanjing, QIU Yefeng

2025, 42(2):  113-117.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2025. 02. 018

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Gastritis is a common digestive tract disease. Despite the continuous improvement of living standards, its incidence has not decreased accordingly. Instead, there is a trend that the age of patients is getting younger and younger. Various animal models of gastritis have been established, including rats, mice, Mongolian gerbils, guinea pigs, and non-human primates, to further explore the pathogenesis of gastritis and better develop effective diagnostic and treatment method. Rats are the most commonly used animal models for gastritis, and this article reviewed rat models of acute and chronic gastritis.