-
Comparative Study of Different Moulding Conditions for Replicating the Upper
Respiratory Tract Mucosal Immunity Dysfunction Model in Mice
- Luo Qian, Wei Xiaolu, Wang Lianmei, Chen Weiya, Peng Bo, Song Ling, Chen Tengfei, Gao Yunhang, Yang Qing, Wang Lifang, Zhang Guangping, Hou Hongping
-
2026, 43(1):
50-57.
DOI: 10.3969/ j. issn.1006-6179.2026.01.008
-
Asbtract
(
)
PDF (10474KB)
(
)
-
Related Articles |
Metrics
Objective To establish animal models of impaired upper respiratory tract mucosal immune
function induced by different methods, providing experimental evidence for the study of disease
mechanisms and prevention strategies.Methods Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 10
groups, control groups (A0, B0) and model group 1 (A1, B1), model group 2 (A2, B2), model
group 3 (A3, B3), and model group 4 (A4, B4), with five mice in each group. Except for the control
groups, all other groups underwent modeling, with group A receiving continuous modeling for 7 d and
group B for 14 d. The specific modeling method were as follows: model group 1 (-20 ℃), model group
2 (4 ℃), model group 3 (-20 ℃ + cyclophosphamide), and model group 4 (4 ℃ +
cyclophosphamide). After continuous modeling for 7 d and 14 d, changes in mouse behavior, body
weight, and immune organ (thymus, spleen) indices were observed. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining
was used to examine pathological changes in the upper respiratory tract mucosa (nose, oral cavity,
throat). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure immune factor levels in
saliva and serum. Immunofluorescence was used to localize polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIgR)
and secretory component (SC) proteins.Results After 7 d of modeling, compared with control group
A0, mice in model groups A1, A3, and A4 showed reduced spontaneous activity, poor mental state, and
significant decreases in body weight, thymus index, and spleen index (P<0.05). Hemorrhage, edema,
and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. Model group A2
showed a significantly decreased thymus index (P<0.05), but no significant difference in spleen index.
The detection results of immune factors in saliva and serum showed that the levels of lysozyme (LZM),
secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the saliva of groups A1, A3, and
A4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In serum, LZM and IgA were significantly decreased in
group A1 (P<0.05), while sIgA showed no significant difference. Serum LZM, sIgA, and IgA were all
significantly decreased in group A3 (P<0.05). Serum LZM and IgA were significantly decreased in
group A4 (P<0.05), while sIgA showed no significant difference. In model group A2, only the salivary
sIgA content was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in other
indicators compared with the control group A0. After 14 d of modeling, compared with the control group
B0, mice in model groups B1, B2, B3, and B4 all showed reduced spontaneous activity, listlessness,
significantly decreased body mass, thymus index, and spleen index (P<0. 05), and persistent
pathological changes in the upper respiratory mucosa. The detection results of immune factors showed that
salivary and serum levels of LZM, sIgA, and IgA in groups B1, B3, and B4 were significantly lower than
those in the control group (P<0.05). In group B2, salivary LZM, sIgA, and IgA were significantly
decreased (P<0.05), and serum LZM and sIgA were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while serum
IgA showed no significant difference.Conclusion Exposure to -20 ℃ environmental stimulation for 20
min, twice daily, for 7 consecutive days can induce impaired upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity in
mice. In contrast, crating a corresponding model under 4 ℃ conditions requires either combined
treatment with cyclophosphamide or extended modeling duration.
