Table of Content

28 February 2023, Volume 40 Issue 1

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Plasma Metabolomics of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Based on Liquid Chromatography Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry with HILIC and RPLC

ZHANG Guoyuan, SUN Mingqian, HU Guang, LI Ying, LIU Jianxun

2023, 40(1):  1-9.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 001

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Objective LC-TOF-MS was used to analyze the plasma of the experimental group of spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR, Wistar Kyoto) and the control group of Wistar ( WKY, Wistar Kyoto) rats. To explore the characteristic biomarkers and metabolic pathways of SHR by using metabolomics method. Method Plasma samples from SHR and WKY rats were collected, and endogenous metabolites in plasma were separated by reversed-phase chromatography ( RPLC ) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography ( HILIC ) , The data was analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis ( PLS-DA) . Result A good separation trend was observed between the SHR experimental group and the WKY rat control group in HILIC and RPLC modes. Identified 17 potential compounds including histidine, proline, uric acid, pyroglutamic acid, acetylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, dihydrosphingosine, 3-dehydrosphingosine among SHR biomarkers, the main disturbed metabolic pathways are the carnitine shuttle system and sphingolipid metabolism. Conclusion The affected biomarkers and metabolic pathways provide evidence for understanding the metabolic mechanisms of hypertension.

Establishment of Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Rat Model

DONG Haoxu, HU Runan, ZHANG Mingmin, YANG Wei, HUANG Guangying

2023, 40(1):  10-15.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 002

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Objective To select an ideal controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) rat model that is in line with clinical practice, and provide a good experimental basis for the follow-up experiment. Methods Seventy-five rats were randomly divided into normal group ( N) , model 10 group ( M10 ) , model 20 group (M20) , model 40 group (M40) and model 100 group (M100) , with 15 rats in each group. Each model group was given intraperitoneal injection of 10 IU, 20 IU, 40 IU and 100 IU of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin ( PMSG) at 5:00 pm on the day after the estrus period. After 48 hours, the rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 10 IU, 20 IU, 40 IU and 100 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin ( HCG) , and immediately caged. The large number of sperm found on the vaginal smear the next day was recorded as the first day of pregnancy. On the next day, vaginal smear of seeing a large number of sperms was treat as the first day of pregnancy (D1) . On the D8 days, record the pregnancy rate and the number of implanted blastocysts. Another 25 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as above. The rats in each group were mated and collected the samples on the D5 days. The expression of the pinopodes and the LIF protein expression were observed. Result There was no significant difference in the mating rate between the five groups ( P > 0. 05 ) . Compared with N group, the pregnancy rate of M10 group was not significantly lower ( P > 0. 05 ) , while the pregnancy rate of M20, M40 and M100 groups were significantly lower than that of N group (P<0. 01) . The number of blastocysts of M20, M40 and M100 groups was significantly increased than that of N group ( P < 0. 05 ) . Compared with N group, the endometrial expression of LIF protein in Day 5 of M10 group was not significantly lower (P>0. 05) ; the LIF protein in M20, M40 and M100 groups was significantly lower ( P<0. 05) ; the LIF protein in M40 group and M100 group was less than that in M20 group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05) . The result of electron microscopy showed that there were abundant pinopodes in endometrial glandular epithelial cells of N group in Day 5, while the pinopodes was almost not expressed in the M20 group. Conclusion The pregnancy rate of rats in the M20 group was significantly lower than that in thenormal group, and the average number of blastocysts was higher, the pinocytosis appeared earlier, and the expression of LIF was lower than that in the normal group, which was an ideal model in line with clinical practice.

Effects of Simplified Chaihu Shugan Powder on Behaviors and Regulating the Metabolism of Tryptophan in Raphe Nucleus of Depressive Rats

GAO Xuesong , LI Li , WANG An’ na , WANG Yongzhi , DU Yi , ZHAO Jingjie

2023, 40(1):  16-21.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 003

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Objective To observe the effect of Simplified Chaihu Shugan Powder( SCSP ) on behaviors, to explore the mechanism of the effect of Simplified Chaihu Shugan Powder. Method Reserpine were intraperitoneal injected for 14 days to establish depressive models. Fluoxetine was used as the positive control drug, 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, fluoxetine group, SCSP group, each group of 8 rats. Meanwhile, the fluoxetine group and SCSP group were treated with fluoxetine or SCSP. At the end of the experiment, we use behavioral experiment to evaluate the depressive status. The contents of 5-HT,TPH2,IDO were detected in raphe nucleus. Result Compared with the control group, the body weight gain, sugar water preference index,total distance of open field experiment in model group decreased significantly (P<0. 01) ; the contents of TPH2 and 5-HT in raphe nucleus decreased significantly ( P<0. 01) ,the contents of IDO in raphe nucleus increased significantly ( P<0. 01) in model group. Compared with the model group, the body weight gain,total distance of open field experiment in SCSP group increased significantly ( P < 0. 01 ) ; the sugar water preference index increased ( P < 0. 05 ) in SCSP group; the contents of TPH2 and 5-HT in raphe nucleus increased significantly (P < 0. 01) , the contents of IDO in raphe nucleus decreased significantly ( P < 0. 01) in model group. Conclusion SCSP has certain function of anti-depression of depressive rats caused by reserpine. It may increase the content of TPH2 in the raphe nucleus ( promote the tryptophan-5- hydroxytryptophan pathway) , reduce the content of IDO ( inhibit the tryptophan-canine urine pathway) , and then increase the content of 5-HT in the raphe nucleus.


Pre-operative Preparation and Post-operative Care of a Rat Model of Neurogenic Bladder

LIU Xin , ZHANG Running , LI Yang , ZHANG Yang , HE Limei

2023, 40(1):  22-25.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 004

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Objective To summarize the pre-operative preparation and post-operative nursing experience of neurogenic bladder after complete spinal cord transection in rats. Method Thirty-five female SD rats were purchased, and the rat model of detrusor non-reflex neurogenic bladder was established by transection of S3-S4 spinal cord. The nursing measures were taken before and after operation. It mainly involves the routine nursing before and after operation, the prevention and treatment of post-operative urethral infection and the management of feeding and so on. Result The spinal cord was transected at the S3-S4 segment in all rats, and the post-operative survival rate was 82%. Conclusion Although mature surgical method and skilled operation are important for the model making, careful care and perfect preparation are the key links to ensure the life safety and rapid recovery of animals after operation.

Effect of D-limonene on Biodiversity in Feces of Nude Mice Bearing MCF-7 Breast Cancer Under Bisphenol A Environment

SHU Kun , LIU Li , LUO Qi , HUANG Yun , CHEN Yuran , LEI Dan , LI Longxue , CHENG Hong , HONG Tao , LIU Zhiyong

2023, 40(1):  26-32.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 005

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Objective To observe the effect of d-limonene on intestinal microbes in nude mice bearing MCF-7 breast cancer. Method After 30 nude mice were inoculated with MCF-7, dextro-limonene was given at 80 mg / kg, 160 mg / kg, and 320 mg / kg for 6 weeks. Fecal genomic DNA was extracted, and PCR amplification was performed to construct after the library was quantified by Qubit and Q-PCR, the NovaSeq6000 was used for online sequencing, and each sample data was separated from the offline data. After strict filtering, high-quality Clean Tags were obtained, and the chimera sequence was removed to obtain the final after the effective data ( effective tags) , analyze the microbial diversity. Result The bacterial species and abundance decreased after tumor inoculation, and the intestinal flora species and abundance increased after d-limonene treatment. The tumor group was close to the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroides at the phylum level, and the bisphenol group A and the right number of Bacteroides in the limonene group increased. At the genus level, compared with the tumor control group ( group H ) , Lactobacillus in the bisphenol A and dextro-limonene group decreased significantly, and the isovalerobacter genus increased significantly. Parabacteroides diundi was in the tumor group and bisphenol group A dropped significantly, but the bacteria increased after feeding d-limonene. Conclusion D-limonene significantly affects the number and abundance of intestinal flora in nude mice with breast cancer. Bacteroides and Isovaleri are the dominant flora.


Establishment of a Positive Model of Rabbit Embryo-fetal Developmental Toxicity Test

LI Hongling, XIE Zhiwei, ZHANG Xiao, SONG Xiangrong, LIU Lili, WANG Hailan

2023, 40(1):  33-38.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 006

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Objective To explore the method of establishing rabbit teratogenicity experimental model by oral gavage of cyclophosphamide in the developmental toxicity test of embryo-fetal rabbits, and to provide laboratory background data for the experimental study of teratogenicity. Method Sixty-six healthy pregnant ordinary New Zealand rabbits were selected and divided into lysozyme control group ( 0. 5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and cyclophosphamide poisoning group (20 mg / kg) by random number method according to the weight of objects. After successful mating, pregnant rabbits were given 2 mL / kg intragastrically infected on GD6 - GD18. During the poisoning period, the clinical manifestations were observed, body weight, successful conception rate, luteal number, number of live births, number of stillbirths and number of absorbed fetuses of pregnant rabbits were counted, and body weight, length, appearance deformity, visceral deformity and skeletal deformity of the fetuses were recorded. Result There was no significant difference in body weight between cyclophosphamide group and lysozyme control group(P > 0. 05 ) . The number of luteal body, number of live births and number of implantation of pregnant rabbits in cyclophosphamide group were decreased compared with lysozyme control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05) . Fetal weight, body length and placental weight in cyclophosphamide group were all decreased compared with lysozyme control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ) . The appearance, visceral and skeletal abnormalities were significantly increased in the cyclophosphamide group compared with the lysozyme control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0. 01, P<0. 05) . Conclusion Cyclophosphamide was poisoned by oral gavage at the dose of 20 mg / kg has a short administration period, a high rate of fetal deformities, a wide variety of deformities, and no maternal toxicity. Therefore, a better positive model of embryo-fetal developmental toxicity can be established.


Analysis of Dynamic Expression Level and Distribution of Copine-7 in Different Stages of Mouse Tooth Development Model

WANG Xiaoming , LIN Weilong , HE Weiwei , WANG Jia , WANG Qin , QIAO Haixia , AN Feng

2023, 40(1):  39-44.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 007

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Objective To explore the dynamic expression level of calcium-phospholipid-binding protein Ⅶ (Cpne7) in different stages of mouse tooth development model, and determine its dynamic expression level and distribution during dentigenesis. Method The expression of Cpne7 in the development of the first mandibular molar of C57Bl / 6 mice was studied by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, real-time PCR and Western blot. At the same time, HAT-7 and hDPCs were cultured and analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot to determine the level of Cpne7 mRNA and protein expression during cell differentiation. Result Cpne7 participates in the early differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts. During initiation ( bud stage) , Cpne7 protein was expressed in dental epithelial cells, but not in dental mesenchyme. At E18 ( bell stage) , Cpne7 protein and mRNA were mainly expressed in the ectodermal mesenchymal cells of the dental papilla. At P7 ( crown formation stage ) , Cpne7 was expressed in differentiated odontoblasts, but weak expression was detected in mature ameloblasts. During dentin generation, Cpne7 was obviously expressed in differentiated dentin cells and odontoblast, but not in fully differentiated dentin cells. In addition, Cpne7 was expressed in the HERS and in the odontoblasts at the time of root dentin formation. Conclusion Cpne7 is not only involved in odontogenic differentiation, but also in the process of odontogenesis and dentin formation of root dentin and crown dentin. Cpne7 shows dynamic spatiotemporal expression during tooth development, and plays an important role in the whole tooth development stage.


Effect of Collecting Oocyte on Vitrofertilization in C57BL / 6J Superovulated Mice

LI Wenguang, WANG Dan, LUO Lingjuan, CAO Lifan, MU Yufeng, WU Deguo

2023, 40(1):  45-49.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 008

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Collecting Oocyte time on IVF rate after HCG injection. Method 3-4 week-old wild-type C57BL / 6J females with 10-13 g were treated with PMSG and HCG. We divided the egg retrieval time of female mice after superarrangement into six periods, after 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 h for in vitro fertilization. Sperm from the epididymis of 3-month-old male mice were recovered in HTF fluid for 1 h and then used for in vitro fertilization. The experiment was divided into 3 groups, and 12 females were used for overarrangement, and 258,199 and 243 embryos were obtained. In the experiment, 98,87 and 95 births were obtained; the birth rates were 37. 98%, 43. 72% and 39. 09% respectively. Result The total number of eggs and the development rate of 2 cells were the highest at 15 h after superovulation, which showed that the mouse oocytes matured after 14 h, fully mature at 15 to 16 h, and began to degenerate after 17 h of ovulation. Conclusion Comparison of the highest fertilization rate in the 3 groups: the oocyte mass fertilization rate after 15 h in the first group was 79. 17%, the oocyte mass fertilization rate in the second group after 15 h was 75. 68%, and the oocyte mass fertilization rate after
16 h in the third group was 76. 92%.


Effects of Aging on Liver Tissue in Naked Mole Rats

ZHANG Chengcai, ZHANG Qianqian, LI Leichen, JIANG Xiaolong, SUN Rui, CUI Shufang

2023, 40(1):  50-54.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 009

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Objective To compare the changes of liver tissue in the aging process of naked mole rats at different ages. Method Young naked mole rats (2 years old) , middle-aged naked mole rats (10 years old) and old naked mole rats ( 20 years old ) were selected. Blood was collected, serum was separated and liver function was measured. The liver was collected and the liver index was measured. Paraffin sections were prepared, and the liver tissue was observed under light microscope after HE staining and Masson staining. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) , total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in liver tissues were detected by animal tissue biochemical assay kit. Result There were no significant differences in liver index, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and albumin (ALB) between the middle-aged group and the old group compared with the young group (P>0. 05) . The result of HE staining and Masson staining showed that the liver tissue structure of naked mole rats in each group was intact without pathological changes. The levels of MDA and T-AOC in liver tissue of naked mole rats in middle age group had no significant difference (P>0. 05) , but the levels of MDA and T-AOC in liver tissue of naked mole rats in old age group were significantly increased (P<0. 05) , and the levels of GSSG in liver tissue of naked mole rats in two groups had no significant difference (P>0. 05) . Conclusion The liver tissue of naked mole rats shows anti-aging ability to a certain extent, and the specific anti-aging mechanism needs to be further studied.


Comparison of Two Modeling Methods of Functional Bowel Disorders in Rats

NI Yan, SHI Wenhui , CAO Yan, LI Jiajia , LI Jianying , DONG Xiang , ZHAO Hongqiong , XU Qin

2023, 40(1):  55-60.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 010

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Objective To compare two modeling method of functional bowel disorders ( FBD) in rats. Method 30 SD rats, SPF grade male, were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, modeⅠ group and model Ⅱ group. The rats in model Ⅰ were treated with bondage combined with rectal hypersensitivity stimulation, and the rats in model Ⅱ were treated with bondage combined with cold water stimulation ( Ice water mixture, 0 ℃ ) . Blood index, pathological changes of ileum and colon and intestinal thrust rate were investigated to evaluate the models. Result 1) Blood routine: There were no significant differences in WBC, RBC, Lymph and PLT between model Ⅰ group and model Ⅱ group compared with the normal group (P>0. 05) . (2) Blood biochemistry: ALT, AST, CREA, CK, Mg, P and LDH had no significant differences compared with the normal group ( P > 0. 05 ) . ( 3 ) Intestinal pushing ratio: the intestinal pushing ratio in model Ⅰ group and model Ⅱ group was significantly decreased (P<0. 05) . (4) The ileum and colon of rats in model Ⅰ group and model Ⅱ group showed basically the same pathological changes: the epithelial cells at the top of part of the ileum microvilli were detached and structurally in-complete, the epithelial cells of part of the microvilli propria were slightly edema and nuclear concentration, and the capillaries in the lamina propria were slightly dilated and hyperemic. Colonic epithelial cells were slightly swollen, lamina propria capillaries were slightly dilated and hyperemic. Eosinophilic changes were occasionally observed in some smooth muscle cells at the basic level. There were a few inflammatory cells under the lamina propria microvilli epithelial cells, and microvilli epithelial cells were occasionally shed. Conclusion The basic pathophysiological characteristics of FBD can be replicated by both method, that is, the colon and ileum show certain pathological damage, but no obvious inflammatory reaction, and the small intestine thrust rate is significantly reduced. In terms of operation procedure, model II is easier to operate in batches.


Comparison of Ocular Axial Length between Animals with Different Degenerative Retinopathy

XU Xinyue, WEI Dongyu , CHEN Tao, SU Yuting, ZHANG Zuoming

2023, 40(1):  61-67.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 011

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Objective To compare the difference of ocular axial length of different strains of rats and mice in the same weight range. Method Wild-type Sprague Dawley rats and different strains of mice existing in the laboratory were selected: Congenital stationary night blindness model rats( CSNB rats) , HL rats, Retinal cone dysfunction model rats ( RCD rats) , C57BL / 6 mice, Cone photoreceptor function loss 1 ( cpfl1) , cone photoreceptor function loss3 ( cpfl3 ) , Congenital stationary night blindness model mice (Nob2 mice) . The rats were divided into different groups according to their body weight,and their ocular axial length were measured. The differences of ocular axial length between rats and mice of different strains were compared in the same weight range. Result The ocular axial length of eye increased with the increase of body weight in rats and mice, and there were differences among different strains. The axial length of CSNB rats in the body weight range of 100-150 g was larger than that of SD rats ( P<0. 05) . The axial length of the eyes of RCD rats with 150-200 g body weight was larger than that of SD rats (P< 0. 01) , but there was no statistical difference between SD and CSNB rats. The ocular axis of HL and RCD rats with body weight of 200 - 250 g, 450 - 500 g and 500 - 550 g was longer than that of SD rats ( P < 0. 05) , but there was no statistical difference between SD and CSNB rats. The axial length of eyes of 250-300 g and 300-350 g strains was longer than that of SD rats ( P<0. 01) . The axial length of CSNB and RCD rats at 350-400 g body weight was longer than that of SD rats( P < 0. 01) , but there was no statistical difference between SD rats and HL rats. There was no statistical difference in ocular axis between 400-450 g weight and four strains of rats. The ocular axis of HL rats was longer than SD rats at 550-600 g body weight (P<0. 05) , and there was no statistical difference between CSNB and SD rats. The axial eye length of C57BL / 6 mice with full body weight was shorter than that of the other three strains (P<0. 01) . Conclusion The length of the eye axis in the mutant rats or mice was longer than that in the control rats ( SD rats C57BL / 6 mice ) at different body weight ranges, and the difference was more obvious in the development period of the rats.

Research on the Stability of Samples of Laboratory Animals for Genetic Monitoring in Proficiency Testing

WANG Hong, WEI Jie, ZHOU Jiaqi, LI Huan, FU Rui, YUE Bingfei

2023, 40(1):  68-71.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 012

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Objective The homogeneity and stability of peptidase-3 samples of the 2021 proficiency testing were studied. Method The homogeneity and stability of peptidase-3 samples were tested according to CNAS-CL04 and GB / T 14927. 1—2008. The stability of the samples under four temperatures (37 ℃ , room temperature, 4 ℃ and -20 ℃ ) and transport conditions were investigated. Result The peptidase-3 samples were uniformly tested. It can be stable for 6 h at 37 ℃ and stable for 7 d at room temperature. At 4 ℃ , it can be stable for 4 weeks. Under the condition of -20 ℃ , it can be stable for 2 months and stable for 7 d under transportation conditions. Conclusion The homogeneity and stability of the peptidase-3 samples met the requirements of the proficiency testing.

Improved Extraction Method of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage

YU Daojun, ZHANG Songsong

2023, 40(1):  72-74.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 014

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Objective To improve the extraction method of mouse peritoneal macrophage. Method Nutrient solution was injected into mouse enterocoelia across the lateral muscle of the chest wall and diaphragm, and the macrophages were extracted from the abdominal cavity after sufficient rubbing. Result Peritoneal integrity was maintained for ease of operation. Conclusion The traditional extraction method was optimized to maintain the integrity of the abdominal cavity, so that the extraction operation was simple, efficient and not easy to pollute, especially the operation feeling was good, and the number of be swayed by considerations of gain and loss and macrophage extraction was guaranteed.


Optimization of the Proliferation of Mouse Spleen T Lymphocytes

XIA Ying, QU Wen

2023, 40(1):  75-78.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 015

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Objective This study was aimed to explore the appropriate concentration and stimulation duration of concanavalin A in the T lymphocyte proliferation test of mouse spleen. Method The mouse spleen T lymphocytes were cultured in vitro without or with concanavalin A at different concentrations, the proliferation of the T lymphocytes were analyzed with CCK-8 kit at different timepoint after culture. Result
The result showed different concentrations of concanavalin A had different effects on mouse spleen T lymphocyte proliferation, and the best proliferation effect was observed in the concentration ranged from 10-25 μg / mL with a 48 or 72 h stimulation duration. Conclusion In the mouse spleen T lymphocytes proliferation test, the recommended concentration for ConA is 10 - 25 μg / mL, and the recommended timepoint for analysis is at 48 to 72 h after invitro culture.


Construction of CRISPR / Cas9 Gene Knockout Plasmids Targeting Mouse CREPT Gene

LIU Suli, FAN Ninglin, ZOU Xiaohui , WU Huijuan

2023, 40(1):  79-82.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 016

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Objective To construct CRISPR / Cas9 gene knockout plasmids targeting mouse CREPT gene. Method sgRNAs targeting mouse CREPT gene were designed according to the CRISPR / Cas9 target design principles and were cloned into the in vitro transcription vector pUC57-sgRNA to construct CREPT gene knockout plasmids. Result Three sgRNAs were designed and cloned into puc57-sgRNA, in vitro
digestion experiment showed that the above three sgRNAs could mediate Cas9 protein to cleave the target fragments. Conclusion Mouse CREPT gene knockout plasmids and in vitro transcribed sgRNAs were prepared, laying an important foundation for construction of gene knockout mouse model.


Diagnosis and Treatment of an Experimental Rhesus Monkey with Perineal Hernia

CHEN Lixiong , WANG Junbin , JIN Weihua, LI Yanyan , ZHAO Yuan , MA Jin , YANG Fengmei, XU Hongjie , LIU Quan , CHEN Liling

2023, 40(1):  83-86.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 017

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A 6 cm× 6 cm swollen bulge under the anus of a female macaque was found in this breeding farm, with normal diet, normal body temperature and good mental condition. Palpate the protrusions, and the texture is hard. Use a needle to pierce and extract a light yellow liquid that flows out. As the volume of the protrusions becomes smaller, the blood physiology and biochemistry tests, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit are lower than the reference. Values, platelets, platelet volume, average hemoglobin concentration, mononuclear cell ratio, neutrophil count, and monocytes are higher than the reference value. The ratio of albumin to globulin, total protein, albumin, γ-glutamate transpeptidase, uric acid, and iron were lower than the reference values. Aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine were higher than the reference values. According to the clinical symptoms, it is initially suspected that the rhesus monkey has a perineal hernia under the anus. Combined with the clinical blood routine and biochemical indicators, it is recommended to perform surgical repair as soon as possible. Through the detection of clinical symptoms, blood routine, and biochemical indicators, it was confirmed that the macaque was suffering from perineal hernia. After that, the ill macaque recovered through anesthesia surgery repair treatment and post-operative care.

Application of Laboratory Animals in the Study of Intestinal Flora and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

CHU Yanqing , CHU Xiaofeng

2023, 40(1):  87-92.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 018

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex acquired liver injury disease caused by metabolic stress. The occurrence and development of NAFLD are affected by genetics, aging, lifestyle, diet, central obesity-related insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and intestinal flora. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on the role of intestinal flora in NAFLD pathogenesis. Intestinal flora has significant effects on liver functions through multiple physiological processes, including energy metabolism, obesity, type II diabetes, and NAFLD. Animal experiments provide strong evidence that an intestinal flora imbalance plays a major role in the occurrence and development of obesity and NAFLD. Here, we discuss the application of laboratory animals in the study of intestinal flora and NAFLD.

Revision and Optimization of Medical Experimental Technology Major Education Program

CHEN Baian, WANG Yutong, SUN Ningning , WANG Xiaoxu , ZHANG Jing, WU Yi, SUN Quan , LU Jing

2023, 40(1):  93-96.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1006-6179. 2023. 01. 019

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Objective Take Capital Medical University as an example, to improve the quality and connotation of the major of medical experimental technology by revising and reforming the specialty training program. Method According to the “ National Standard for Undergraduate Teaching Quality” and the education experience of medical experimental technology major in our university, we modified and optimized the education objective and curriculum for this major. Result The education objective of this major was revised from the original specialized talents emphasizing laboratory animal technology to the versatile talents with comprehensive ability of medical experimental technology, and the requirements of laboratory animal experiment, laboratory animal breeding and quality management in the original education objective were deleted. Corresponding to the new education objective, new ideological and political course and professional courses closely related to medical experimental technology and clinical practice were added, courses related to laboratory animal breeding, environmental construction, surgery and diagnosis were reduced, and courses related to laboratory animal models, pathology were optimized. Conclusion The revised education program will help to educate comprehensive medical experimental technology talents, to further improve the education quality of medical experimental technology major, and to meet the needs of the new era in China.