Objective This experiment aims to explore the estrous cycle of Apodemus peninsulae and the changes in sex hormone levels at different stages of the estrous cycle. Methods Select female Apodemus peninsulae during the breeding period, and use a combination of external genital observation and vaginal smear method to determine the estrous cycle of Apodemus peninsulae. Extract serum from different stages of the estrus cycle of Apodemus peninsulae and the concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) . At the same  time, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the uterus and ovaries of Apodemus peninsulae at different stages of the estrous cycle. Finally, the uterine and ovarian tissues of Apodemus peninsulae were extracted, and the differential expression of sex hormone related receptor genes at different stages of the estrous cycle was analyzed using qPCR technology to explore their regulatory role during the estrous cycle. Results The estrous cycle of female Apodemus peninsulae lasts 4-7 days, with an average estrous period of 0. 97 days and an average interestrous period of 2. 41 days. Estrogen and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly higher during estrus than in the post-estrus and interestrous phases ( P < 0. 001 ) , while progesterone levels were significantly higher during interestrous phase compared to pre-estrus and estrus ( P < 0. 001) . The significant morphological and structural differences in the uterus and ovaries during the estrous cycle reflect the critical regulatory role of cyclic fluctuations in sex hormone levels on the morphological and structural changes in the reproductive organs of Apodemus peninsulae. Conclusion Estrous Cycle of Apodemus peninsulae was clearly divided into four distinct stages. The result revealed consistent morphological, hormonal, and structural changes across different phases.

Apodemus peninsulae, estrous cycle, sex hormone, ovaries, uterus

目的 本实验旨在探究大林姬鼠的发情周期及其发情周期不同阶段性激素水平的变化规律。 方法 选取处于繁殖期的雌性大林姬鼠,采用外阴观察法和阴道脱落细胞涂片法相结合,确定大林姬鼠的发情周期。 提取发情周期不同阶段的大林姬鼠血清,使用酶联免疫吸附法( ELISA) 检测雌激素、孕激素及促黄体生成素的浓度。 同时,采用苏木精-伊红( HE)染色法观察大林姬鼠在发情周期不同阶段的子宫及卵巢形态学变化。 最后,提取大林姬鼠子宫和卵巢组织,通过 qPCR 技术分析发情周期不同阶段的性激素相关受体基因的表达差异,以探讨其在发情周期中的调控作用。 结果 大林姬鼠发情周期为 4 ~ 7 d,发情期平均时长 0. 97 d,发情间期平均时长 2. 41 d。 发情期雌激素和促黄体生成素水平显著高于发情后期及发情间期(P<0. 001) ,孕激素在发情间期水平显著高于发情前期和发情期(P<0. 001) 。 发情周期中子宫与卵巢在形态和结构上的显著差异,反映了性激素水平的周期性波动对大林姬鼠生殖器官形态与结构变化的关键调控作用。 结论 本研究明确划分了大林姬鼠发情周期的 4 个阶段。 不同阶段在细胞形态、激素分泌和生殖器官结构上存在规律性差异。

大林姬鼠, 发情周期, 性激素, 卵巢, 子宫