Abstract: Ischemic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality in adults. Two main strategies are adopted for the treatment of ischemic brain injury with neural stem cells: activating endogenous neural stem cells and transplanting exogenous neural stem cells. Endogenous neural stem cells primarily reside in specific neurogenic niches of the brain and respond to cerebral injury. A large number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that signaling pathways including Wnt, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Notch and Eph mediate the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after brain damage. Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation facilitates functional recovery following brain injury via cell replacement, neuroprotection, immunomodulation and paracrine effects. This article reviews the research progress of various signaling pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after ischemic brain injury, and summarizes the potential therapeutic mechanisms of neural stem cell transplantation for ischemic brain injury, aiming to provide new insights for the application of neural stem cell therapy in ischemic brain injury.

Key words: ischemic brain injury, endogenous neural stem cell, neural stem cell transplantation, neurogenesis 

摘要： 缺血性脑损伤是成年人死亡的重要原因,神经干细胞治疗缺血性脑损伤主要有两种方式,激活内源性神经干 细胞与移植外源性神经干细胞。内源性神经干细胞主要存在于大脑特定的神经源性生态位中,并在脑损伤后作出 应答。大量的临床前研究表明,Wnt、PI3K-Akt、MAPK、Notch与Eph等信号通路介导了内源性神经干细胞在脑损伤 后的增殖与分化。而外源性神经干细胞移植能够通过细胞替代、神经保护、免疫调节和旁分泌效应等方式促进脑 损伤后的功能恢复。本文对参与调节缺血性损伤后内源性神经干细胞增殖分化的多种信号通路的研究现状进行 综述,同时对移植神经干细胞治疗缺血性脑损伤的潜在治疗机制进行总结,以期为神经干细胞治疗缺血性脑损伤 提供新思路。

关键词: 缺血性脑损伤, 内源性神经干细胞, 神经干细胞移植, 神经发生