Abstract: Objective　To establish a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by testosterone propionate in olive oil and to optimize the dosage.Methods　Twenty male SD rats were stratified and randomly assigned to groups based on body weight. Fifteen rats in the model group were divided into low-dose (5 mg/kg), medium-dose (7.5 mg/kg), and high-dose (10 mg/kg) groups (n= 5), receiving daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate dissolved in olive oil. The control group (n=5) received an equal volume of olive oil (0.1 mL/100 g) subcutaneously. All treatments lasted for 29 consecutive days, and body weights were recorded weekly. 24 h after the final injection, the animals were sacrificed. The prostate, seminal vesicles, and coagulating glands were harvested to calculate organ indices (wet weight/body weight ×100%). Histomorphological changes (acinar wall thickness and papillary epithelial hyperplasia) were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Lesion severity was evaluated using a semi-quantitative histopathological scoring system (grades 0-4) for the accessory sex glands and quantitative image analysis of the lumen-to-stroma ratio in prostate tissue. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.Results　All model groups successfully developed benign prostatic hyperplasia. The pathological score in each dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The gonadal index in all dose groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the prostate index in the high-dose group was significantly higher than that in the low-dose group (P<0.05). The proportion of glandular lumen area in each dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and interstitial fibrosis was aggravated in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion　Under the fixed administration period (29 d) and subcutaneous injection route, testosterone propionate at doses of 5-10 mg/kg can effectively establish a BPH model, with the high-dose group exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The medium-dose group showed intermediate values for all parameters, exhibiting a dose-dependent trend.

Key words: prostatic hyperplasia, rat, testosterone propionate, optimal dosage

摘要： 目的　建立基于丙酸睾酮橄榄油诱导的大鼠前列腺增生模型,优化给药剂量。方法　将20只雄性SD大鼠, 按体质量分层随机法分组,其中模型组15只,分为低(5 mg/kg)、中(7.5 mg/kg)、高(10 mg/kg)剂量组(n=5),均 每日皮下注射丙酸睾酮橄榄油溶液; 对照组(n=5)皮下注射等体积橄榄油0.1 mL/100 g,连续给药29 d,每周称 重。末次给药24 h后牺牲动物,取前列腺、精囊腺及凝固腺计算性腺指数(湿重/体质量×100%)。通过HE染色 观察腺体形态学改变(囊泡厚度、上皮乳头状增生),结合生殖腺病理半定量评分(0~4级)及前列腺组织管腔 基质比的图像定量分析评估病变程度。采用SPSS 20.0进行数据分析。结果　所有模型组均成功诱导前列腺增 生。各剂量组病理评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各剂量组性腺指数均显著高于对照组,其中高剂量组前列 腺指数显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05);各剂量组管腔比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且剂量依赖性加重间质纤 维化。结论　在固定给药周期(29 d)及给药途径(皮下注射)条件下,5~10 mg/kg丙酸睾酮均可建立有效的前 列腺增生模型。其中高剂量组对前列腺增生模型影响更为显著,中剂量组各项参数均介于低、高剂量组之间,呈 剂量依赖性变化趋势。

关键词: 前列腺增生, 大鼠, 丙酸睾酮, 最佳给药剂量