Abstract: Objective　This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota of cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), and promote the open sharing of this laboratory animal resources.Methods Cecal, colonic, and rectal contents were collected from 10 cotton rat. The V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA was amplified with bacterial universal primers, and high-throughput sequencing was performed. QIIME was used to analyze the bacterial diversity and analyze the differences among the samples from different groups. The LEfSe software was used to determine the biomarkers among different groups. Results　A total of 2 359 297 valid sequences was obtained from samples of all cotton rat. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were the top three dominant bacteria in terms of relative abundance in each group. The alpha diversity analysis showed that there were no significant differences in five indicators, including observed features, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, and Good’s Coverage, among the three groups of samples. The beta diversity analysis result indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the cecal and colonic contents samples. The result of LEfSe analysis suggested that the bacteria belonging to Desulfobacterota, Desulfovibrionia, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfovibrio, Firmicutes, Clostridia, Lachnospirales, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospirales and Oscillospiraceae were the biomarkers that have significant differences in cecal contents, while the bacteria of the Bacteroidota, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, and Muribaculaceae were the biomarkers in the rectal contents.Conclusion　The composition and abundance characteristics of the gut microbiota of Sigmodon hispidus were analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. It provides basic data for the research on the gut microbiota of Sigmodon hispidus.

Key words: Sigmodon hispidus, gut microbiota, 16S rRNA sequencing

摘要： 目的　研究刚毛棉鼠的肠道菌群特征,促进该实验动物资源的开放共享。方法　采集10只刚毛棉鼠的盲 肠、结肠和直肠内容物样品,利用16S rRNA通用引物扩增V3-V4区域并进行高通量测序。通过QIIME软件分析 各组样品的菌群组成和α/β多样性指标,采用LEfSe方法筛选具有统计学差异的菌群标志物。结果　从10只刚 毛棉鼠的样本中共获得2 359 297条16S rRNA有效序列。在门的水平上,厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门在各组 样品中都是相对丰度前三的优势菌。α多样性分析结果显示,Observed Features、Chao1、Shannon、Simpson、Good’s Coverage等5项指标在3组样品中均无显著性差异;β多样性分析结果显示,盲肠内容物与结肠内容物样品之间存 在显著组间差异(P<0.05);LEfSe分析结果表明,在脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)、Desulfovibrionia纲、脱硫弧菌目 (Desulfovibrionales)、脱硫弧菌科(Desulfovibrionaceae)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、梭菌纲 (Clostridia)、毛螺菌目(Lachnospirales)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、颤螺菌目(Oscillospirales)和颤螺菌科 (Oscillospiraceae)的细菌为刚毛棉鼠的盲肠内容物中显著性差异的菌群标志物;拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、拟杆菌纲 (Bacteroidia)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、Muribaculaceae科的细菌为直肠内容物的肠道菌群内显著性差异的菌群标 志物。结论　本研究利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,系统分析了刚毛棉鼠部分肠段内容物中的肠道菌群组成与 丰度特征,为后续开展相关研究提供了基础数据支撑。

关键词: 刚毛棉鼠, 肠道菌群, 16S rRNA 高通量测序