关键词: 实验动物, 肺孢子菌, 聚合酶链反应(PCR), 血清学检测, 体外培养

Abstract: Pneumocystis is a group of obligate parasitic, opportunistic pathogenic fungi that are zoonotic. It mainly attacks immunocompromised hosts, causing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). These fungi can persist concealed in laboratory rodents for long periods, presenting as subclinical infections. When the host’s immune system is compromised or absent, Pneumocystis can quickly become active, leading to fatal PCP, causing abnormal deaths in animals and significantly interfering with the continuity and reliability of research in fields such as oncology and immunology. This article reviews advances in model development, detection methods, and in vitro cultivation, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for establishing efficient and accurate standardized detection methods for Pneumocystis in laboratory animals.

Key words: laboratory animal, Pneumocystis, PCR, serologic tests, in vitro culture