关键词: 布尼亚病毒, 自然疫源性疾病, 贮存宿主, 节肢动物, 蜱

Abstract: Abstract：The bunyaviridae family comprises more than 300 viruses．Membership is usually based on antigenic interrelatedness or morphological similarity．Disease characterized by fever，headache，weakness，myalgia， pulmonary edema．The family is divided into 5 genera：1．Orthobunyavirus：Bunyamwera，La Cross，Tahyna virus， transmitted mainly by mosquitoes．2．Hantavirus：Hantaan virus。transmission does not require insects．3． Nairovirus：Dugbe virus infection of cattle in West Africa，transmitted by ticks．4．Phlebovirus：Sandfly fever，Rift valley fever。transmitted by sandflies．5．Tospovirus：Tomato spotted wilt virus，only infect plant and non·vertebrate． Man is not known to be a natural or reservoir for any of these viruses．Virions are 80～120 nm in diameter．5一10 nm projections visible on the surface．Genome consists of 3 pieces of negative stranded RNA．Virion has 2 surface glycoproteins G1 and G2，with HA and vires neutralization epitopes．Bunyaviridae is a family of negative stranded RNA viruses．Though generally found in arthropode or rodents，certain viruses in this family occasionally infect humans．Bunyaviridae are vector—borne viruses．With the exception of Hantaviruses transmission occurs via an arthropod vector．Hantaviruses are transmitted through contact with mice feces．Crimean·Congo hemorrhagic fever vims is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality，consequently handling of these viruses most occurs with a biosafe Ievel 4 laboratory．Hantavirus or Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever，common in China，Korea， Scandinavia。Russia，and the American southwest，is associated with high fever，lung edema and pulmonary faihure．Mortality is around 55％of laboratory diagnosis of bunya virus infections．Virus isolation-intra-cranial inoculation of suckling mice is thought to be the most sensitive system available for virus isolation．However sensitive cell culture systems are available such as Vero，Vero E6，A549 and mosquito cells．Once isolated the virus can be types by neutralizing tests．Rapid diagnosis·antigen detection systems and the detection of specific IgM antibodies are becoming available as means of rapid diagnosis．A wide variety of serological techniques is available such as HI，CFT，IFA，NT and ELISAs．Treatment is mainly supportive．The drug ribavirin has encouraging results in vitro and systemic therapy with this agent should be considered in severe cases．Hyperimmune convalescent serum may be useful and those with a high titre of vires neutralizing antibodies should be selected． Since this summer，the infectious disease has spread to 1 2 provinces including Henan，Shandong Anhui， Jiangsu and Liaoning in China．The disease is treatable，if detected early．The main symptoms of infection include fever，headache and muscle aches，but the infection can reduce patients white blood cell and platelet count， leading to organ failure and death．The majority of patients with mild，only a few older，their immunity is low， delaying treatment，the disease will become severe．Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has been isolated from the patients a“new type of bunia virus”．Bunia virus naturally infection found in many verteb

Key words: bunia virus, zoonosis—borne diseases, arthropode, rodent, tick