关键词: 动物实验, 减少, 替代

Abstract: The Three Rs is abbreviated from Reduction , Replacement and Refinement.. In their 1959 book, The Principle of Humane Experimental Technique, William Russell & Rex Burch put up the theory of Three Rs. In the past more than 40 years, with the rapid development of biological technology, the people have being acquired a better understanding about contest of Three Rs, and have more understanding on the close relationship between the Three Rs and life science, and also have an intimate knowledge that application of Three Rs achievement is the motive force of scientific research and legal testing. Although the cognition to latent power on development of life science is not deepened, but the scientists in China have been performing the significant attempt and active approach in the Three Rs field, for example, immunizing the poultry with special antigen and obtaining the antibody from eggs. By this method, a number of antibodies can be collected with reducing the number of animals used in production of antiserum in routine procedure. The animal testing is substituted with imuno_affinity_chromatography in the safety evaluation of biologicals. It should be said that the methods mentioned above belong in alternatives to animal experimentation, but they haven't been validated scientifically. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study on alternatives to animal experimentation and the development in this field is mainly reflected in the following aspects. ——The alternatives to animal experimentation as a project in social public research has been brought into the state plan of scientific research management by Chinese government. In 1997, the basic concept of alternative method was described for the first time in “the certain proposal concerning the development of laboratory animal science in Nine_Five plan” issued by State Commission of Science and Technology. In 2001, in “national programme in the construction of condition for science and technological research” issued by State Commission of Science and Technology, establishment of regulation for ensuring animal welfare, which is equivalent with international rule, is put forward clearly and definitely as a important content of legal management of laboratory animal. In “The Regulation for Laboratory Animal”, which is been revising, alternatives to laboratory animal as one part of animal welfare is added in the document. The government attitude to Three Rs creates a beneficial developing environment for this work. ——In different levels and various field, the government department of scientific research management offer funds to support the explorative research in this aspect by establishing research projects. Until now, some research projects, which have been accomplished, have brought us the satisfactory results. ——Enforcing international academic exchanges for promoting the development of Three Rs research. Constructing the academic exchange platform by starting a special column in journal of laboratory animal science. ——By TV, newspaper and journal, the scientists publicize the intension of Three Rs and significance of conducting study on alternative methods. The aim doing those is to enable the public understanding the importance of animal experimentation in human life, and refine the social environment for the development of laboratory animal science. According to the successful experience in abroad, and also our work basis and development demand in the future, the train of thought, developing mode and research field, which claims precedence over all others in China, are put forward in the paper. ■To enable scientists to obtain the knowledge of Three Rs and have correct understanding to Three Rs by various possible way including education. The scientific research personnel should understand the contest of Three Rs. They should realize that the close relationship between the Three Rs and rapid development of life science by education and training course. They should recognize that the study on alternative methods is not only be be