大林姬鼠, 发情周期, 性激素, 卵巢, 子宫

Objective This experiment aims to explore the estrous cycle of Apodemus peninsulae and the changes in sex hormone levels at different stages of the estrous cycle. Methods Select female Apodemus peninsulae during the breeding period, and use a combination of external genital observation and vaginal smear method to determine the estrous cycle of Apodemus peninsulae. Extract serum from different stages of the estrus cycle of Apodemus peninsulae and the concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) . At the same  time, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the uterus and ovaries of Apodemus peninsulae at different stages of the estrous cycle. Finally, the uterine and ovarian tissues of Apodemus peninsulae were extracted, and the differential expression of sex hormone related receptor genes at different stages of the estrous cycle was analyzed using qPCR technology to explore their regulatory role during the estrous cycle. Results The estrous cycle of female Apodemus peninsulae lasts 4-7 days, with an average estrous period of 0. 97 days and an average interestrous period of 2. 41 days. Estrogen and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly higher during estrus than in the post-estrus and interestrous phases ( P < 0. 001 ) , while progesterone levels were significantly higher during interestrous phase compared to pre-estrus and estrus ( P < 0. 001) . The significant morphological and structural differences in the uterus and ovaries during the estrous cycle reflect the critical regulatory role of cyclic fluctuations in sex hormone levels on the morphological and structural changes in the reproductive organs of Apodemus peninsulae. Conclusion Estrous Cycle of Apodemus peninsulae was clearly divided into four distinct stages. The result revealed consistent morphological, hormonal, and structural changes across different phases.

Apodemus peninsulae, estrous cycle, sex hormone, ovaries, uterus