Abstract: Abstract:Objective As a SIV natural host, African green monkey ( AGM ) shows AIDS resistance. Also, spontaneous hypertension develops in AGM. Different capacities in lipid metabolism between AGM and Cynomolgus macaque ( CM) exist. This study aims to characterize the gut microbiome profiles of AGM and CM. Method Fecal samples were collected for 12 AGM and 12 CM. Real-time PCR detection of the main gut bacteria in AGM and CM was performed and analyzed. Result Our results demonstrated a lower abundance of Bifidobacteria and a higher abundance of Prevotella in AGM. Compared with CM, AGM possessed a higher abundance of the butyrateproducing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacteria ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Compared with CM, the gut microbiota of AGM resembles a trend as found in early SIV infection or chronic HIV infection. AGM possesses a relative higher abundance of the butyrate-producing gut bacteria which correlates with gut homeostasis and mucosal integrity. These findings may provide insight into environmental adaption and AIDS resistance in AGM.